妊娠劇吐Hyperemesis gravidarum
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
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| 2017-07-12 04:27 – 05:06 | r0 – r2 | |
顯示 diff+ 妊娠劇吐Hyperemesis gravidarum
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Hyperemesis_gravidarum
+
+ Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by severenausea and vomiting such that weight loss anddehydration occurs.[1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting several times a day and feelingfaint. It is more severe than morning sickness. Often symptoms get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy.[2]
+ *Vomiting severe times a day有語法問題
+ *應為vomiting several times a day
+ *或vomiting severely times a day
+ *第二種說法也不通順
+
+ '''妊娠劇吐'''（{{lang|en|Hyperemesis gravidarum}}，HG）是{{le|妊娠併發症|complication of pregnancy}}的一種。其特徵為足以造成[[體重下降]]與[[脫水]]的嚴重[[噁心]]和[[嘔吐]][1]。徵象和症狀包含一天內多次的劇吐還有暈眩感，其嚴重程度超越[[害喜]]。症狀通常會在懷孕二十週後稍微改善，但也可能整個懷孕期間都為此而苦[2]。
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+ The exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known.[3] Risk factors include the first pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, obesity, prior or family history of hyperemesis gravidarum,trophoblastic disorder, and a history of a eating disorder.[3][4] The diagnosis is usually made based on the signs and symptoms. It has been technically defined as more than three episodes of vomiting per day such that weight loss of 5% or three kilograms has occurred and ketones are present in the urine.[3] Other potential causes of the symptoms should be excluded including urinary tract infection and high thyroid levels.[5]
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+ 造成妊娠劇吐的原因尚未確定[3]，但已知的危險因子有初次懷孕、[[多胞胎]]、[[肥胖症]]、{{le|妊娠滋養層細胞疾病|trophoblastic disorder}}、進食障礙病史，或是先前曾發生或有妊娠劇吐的家族病史[3][4] 。本病通常根據其症狀確診。妊娠劇吐已經在實務上被定義為每日嘔吐超過三次、體重下降百分之五或三公斤、及在尿液中出現[[酮類]][3]。確診前應排除[[泌尿道感染]]與[[甲狀腺功能亢進]]等可能造成相似症狀的疾病[5]。
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+ Treatment includes drinking fluids and a bland diet.[2] Recommendations may includeelectrolyte-replacement drinks, thiamine, and a higher protein diet.[3][6] Some women require intravenous fluids.[2] With respect to medications pyridoxine or metoclopramide are prefered.[5] Prochlorperazine, dimenhydrinate, or ondansetron may be used if these are not effective.[5][3] Hospitalization may be required. Psychotherapy may improve outcomes. Evidence for acupressure is poor.[3]
+
+ 本病療法包括補充流質、攝取清淡食物[2]。建議包括服用{{le|電解質補充飲料|electrolyte-replacement drinks}}、[[硫胺]]、還有高蛋白質食品[3][6]。有一些女性需要[[靜脈注射|通過靜脈注射補充電解質及營養素]][2]。藥物治療方面，建議使用[[吡哆醇]]或是[[甲氧氯普胺]][5]，若無效則可用[[普樂明]]、[[克暈片錠]]、[[卓弗蘭]]治療[5][3]。一些患者可能需要入院治療。其他替代療法如[[心理療法]]，以及傳統[[中醫]]則有對[[內關]]穴進行{{le|穴位按壓|acupressure}}的治療法可能具有療效[3][+1]。
+ *[+1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15004444
+
+ While vomiting in pregnancy has been described as early as 2,000 BC, the first clear medically description of hyperemesis gravidarum was in 1852 by Antoine Dubois.[7]Hyperemesis gravidarum is estimated to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women.[8] While previously a common cause of death in pregnancy, with proper treatment this is now very rare.[9][10] Those affected have a low risk of miscarriage but a higher risk of premature birth.[4] Some women opt to have an abortion because of the symptoms.[6]
+
+ 關於懷孕時嘔吐的歷史紀錄，最早可以追溯到西元兩千年前，但直到1852年才由{{link-fr|安托尼杜布瓦|Antoine Dubois}}首度以醫學文獻的形式清楚描述妊娠劇吐[7]。 根據統計，妊娠劇吐影響0.3–2.0%懷孕女性，過去也曾經是懷孕婦女的常見死因，但現今因為完善的治療，其造成的死亡已經非常罕見[8][9][10]。被妊娠劇吐影響的女性有較低的[[流產]]風險，但伴隨著較高的[[早產]]機率。某些女性會因為妊娠劇吐而選擇[[墮胎]][6]。
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+
+ *References
+ *1."Management of hyperemesis gravidarum.". Drug Ther Bull 51 (11): 129–9. 2013 Nov.doi:10.1136/dtb.2013.11.0215. PMID 24227770. Check date values in: |date= (help)
+ *2. "Pregnancy". Office on Women's Health. September 27, 2010. Retrieved 5 December2015.
+ *3. Jueckstock, JK; Kaestner, R; Mylonas, I (15 July 2010). "Managing hyperemesis gravidarum: a multimodal challenge.". BMC medicine 8: 46. PMID 20633258.
+ *4. Ferri, Fred F. (2012). Ferri's clinical advisor 2013 5 books in 1 (1st ed. ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby. p. 538. ISBN 9780323083737.
+ *5. Sheehan, P (September 2007). "Hyperemesis gravidarum--assessment and management.". Australian family physician 36 (9): 698–701. PMID 17885701.
+ *6. Gabbe, Steven G. (2012). Obstetrics : normal and problem pregnancies (6th ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. p. 117. ISBN 9781437719352.
+ *7. Davis, Christopher J. (1986). Nausea and Vomiting : Mechanisms and Treatment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 152. ISBN 9783642704796.
+ *8. Goodwin, TM (September 2008). "Hyperemesis gravidarum.". Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 35 (3): 401–17, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.04.002.PMID 18760227.
+ *9. Kumar, Geeta (2011). Early Pregnancy Issues for the MRCOG and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. p. Chapter 6. ISBN 9781107717992.
+ *10.DeLegge, Mark H. (2007). Handbook of home nutrition support. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. p. 320. ISBN 9780763747695.
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