Coronary artery disease/冠狀動脈疾病
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_CAD
{{Infobox disease
| Name = 冠狀動脈疾病 / Coronary artery disease
| Image = Blausen 0257 CoronaryArtery Plaque.png
| Caption = 冠狀動脈粥樣硬化示意圖
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|20||i|20}}-{{ICD10|I|25||i|20}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|410}}-{{ICD9|414}}, {{ICD9|429.2}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 007115
| eMedicineSubj = radio
| eMedicineTopic = 192
| MeshID = D003324
}}
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD),[1] atherosclerotic heart disease,[2]atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,[3] and coronary heart disease,[4] is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina,unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death.[5] It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type.[6] A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.[7] Occasionally it may feel like heartburn.[7] Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress lasts less than a few minutes and get better with rest.[7] Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present.[7] The first sign is occasionally a heart attack.[8] Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.[8]
<!-- 定義與症狀 -->
'''冠狀動脈疾病'''（{{lang-en|Coronary artery disease, CAD}}）又稱為'''缺血性心臟病'''或簡稱'''冠心病'''（{{lang-en|ischemic heart disease, IHD}}）[1]、'''冠狀動脈粥狀硬化心臟病'''[2]、'''冠狀動脈粥狀硬化心血管疾病'''（{{lang-en|coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, '''CAHD'''}}）[3]和'''冠狀動脈心臟病'''（{{lang-en|coronary heart disease}}）[4]，是一群包含穩定型[[心絞痛]]、{{Link-en|非穩定型心絞痛|Unstable angina}}、[[心肌梗塞]]和[[猝死]]的疾病[5]。冠狀動脈疾病是最常見的[[心血管疾病|心臟血管疾病]][6]。常見的症狀包括{{link-en|胸痛|chest pain}}或不適，有時會轉移到肩膀、手臂、背部、頸部或下顎[7]。有些人可能會有{{Link-en|胸口灼熱|Heartburn}}的感覺[7]。通常症狀在運動或情緒壓力下出現，持續時間不超過數分鐘且休息會緩解[7]。有時會伴隨[[呼吸困難]]，有時則是毫無症狀[7]。少數人以[[心肌梗塞]]為最初的表現[8]。其他可能的併發症包含[[心臟衰竭]]或[[心律不整]][8]。
Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others.[9][10] Other risks include depression.[11] The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart.[10] A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, and coronary angiogram among others.[12]
<!--成因與診斷 -->
危險因子包括：[[高血壓]]、[[吸菸|抽菸]]、[[糖尿病]]、缺乏運動、[[肥胖症|肥胖]]、{{Link-en|血液中膽固醇含量過高|Hypercholesterolemia}}、營養不良和酗[[乙醇|酒]]等[9][10]。其他的危險因子也包括[[重性憂鬱障礙|憂鬱症]][11]。潛在的病理機制與[[冠狀血管|冠狀動脈血管]]的[[動脈粥樣硬化|粥狀硬化]]有關[10]。[[心電圖]]、{{Link-en|心臟壓力測試|Cardiac stress test}}與{{Link-en|冠狀動脈血管攝影|Coronary catheterization}}是常見有助於診斷的工具[12]。
Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking.[13] Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used.[13] There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms.[14] Treatment involves the same measures as prevention.[15][16] Additional medications such as aspirin beta blockers, or nitrogylcerin may be recommended.[16] Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease.[16][17] In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.[18]
<!--預防與治療-->
預防方式包括：健康飲食、規律運動、體重控制以及戒菸[13]。視情況合併使用藥物控制高血糖、高膽固醇或高血壓[13]。只有很有限的證據支持對低風險且沒有症狀的民眾實施篩檢[14]。最初治療和預防措施一樣，包括生活方式調整以及三高（高血糖、高膽固醇或高血壓）的控制[15][16]。進一步的藥物治療包括[[阿斯匹靈]]、{{link-en|乙型交感神經阻斷劑|Beta_blocker}}或{{link-en|硝酸甘油|Medical_use_of_nitroglycerin|硝酸甘油的醫療用途}}[16]。在病況較嚴重的情形下，會考慮進行[[冠狀動脈再成形術|經皮冠狀動脈介入治療]]（{{lang-en|percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI}}）或是[[冠狀動脈搭橋手術|冠狀動脈繞道手術]]（{{lang-en|coronary artery bypass surgery, CABG}}）[16][17]。對於穩定型心絞痛，經皮冠狀動脈介入治療或是冠狀動脈繞道手術，對於提升存活年限或降低未來心臟病發的效果仍不明確[18]。
In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990.[6] The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world.[19] The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010.[20] In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45.[21] Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.[21]
<!--流行病學 -->
冠狀動脈疾病在西元在2012年是[[2002年致死原因及所占比例列表|全球第一大死因]][中1]，也是人們住院的主要原因之一[中2]。2013年也是全球死因首位，死亡人數自1990年574萬人（12%）攀升至2013年814萬人（16.8%）[6]。而隨著診斷及治療技術進步，經年齡校正後的冠狀動脈疾病死亡率自1980年至2010年則呈現下降趨勢，尤其在[[已開發國家]]更為顯著[19]。同時經年齡校正後的冠狀動脈疾病病例數在1990至2010年間亦呈現下降趨勢[20]。根據美國本土於2010年統計，冠狀動脈疾病盛行率於大於65歲族群為20%、45至64歲為7%、18至45歲為1.3%[21]。針對同一年齡層相比，男性的發生率較女性高[21]。
2015-03-29 已整合此篇至中文維基百科「冠狀動脈疾病」條目
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