Acne vulgaris/尋常性痤瘡
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-07-12 04:42 – 05:21 | r0 – r2 | |
顯示 diff+ Acne vulgaris/尋常性痤瘡
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_acne_vulgaris
+
+ Acne vulgaris (or simply acne) is a long term skin condition characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring.[1][2] The resulting appearance may lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide.[3][4]
+
+ '''尋常性痤瘡'''（{{lang-en|acne vulgaris}}）或簡稱'''痤瘡'''（{{lang-en|acne}}），又稱'''暗瘡'''。這是個皮膚長期發生[[黑頭]]、白頭粉刺（白色或乳白色碎米样粉汁的刺状丘疹）、{{link-en|青春痘|pimples}}、[[脂溢性皮炎|皮膚泛油]]、又或[[疤|留疤]]的狀況[1][2]。患者因為外貌的改變，可能感到[[焦慮]]、[[自尊|自尊心]]降低、在極端的個案裡甚至有[[重性憂鬱障礙|憂鬱]]現象或{{link-en|自殺念頭|Suicidal_ideation}}[3][4]。
+
+ *[1]
+ *<ref name=Adi2009>{{cite journal|author=Adityan B, Kumari R, Thappa DM|title=Scoring systems in acne vulgaris|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=323–6|date=May 2009|pmid=19439902|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.51258 }}</ref>
+ *[2]
+ *<ref name=Epi2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhate|first1=K|last2=Williams|first2=HC|title=Epidemiology of acne vulgaris.|journal=The British journal of dermatology|date=March 2013|volume=168|issue=3|pages=474–85|pmid=23210645|doi=10.1111/bjd.12149}}</ref>
+ *[3]
+ *<ref name=Barnes2012>{{cite journal|author=Barnes LE, Levender MM, Fleischer AB Jr, Feldman SR|title=Quality of life measures for acne patients|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=2|pages=293–300|date=April 2012|pmid=22284143|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.11.001}}</ref>
+ *[4]
+ *<ref name=Goodman2006>{{cite journal|author=Goodman, G|title=Acne and acne scarring–the case for active and early intervention|journal=Australian family physician|volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=503–4|date=July 2006|pmid=16820822|url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200607/8194 }}</ref>
+
+ <-- Cause and Pathophysiology -->
+ Genetics is estimated to be the cause of 80% of cases.[2] The role of diet as a cause is unclear.[2] Neither cleanliness nor sunlight appear to be involved.[2] However, cigarette smoking does increase the risk of developing acne and worsens its severity.[5] Acne mostly affects skin with a greater number of oil glands including the face, upper part of the chest, and back.[6] During puberty in both sexes, acne is often brought on by an increase inandrogens such as testosterone.[7]
+ <!-- 病因及病生理機制 -->
+ 痤瘡的成因中，大約80%和遺傳有關[2]。皮膚的[[卫生学|乾淨程度]]、是否曝曬在太陽下則和痤瘡的形成無關[2]，而飲食習慣在其中所扮演的角色尚不清楚[2]比較確定的是，[[吸菸|抽菸]]會增加得到痤瘡的機率、也會惡化其嚴重程度[5]。痤瘡大多發生於{{link-en|油脂腺|sebaceous gland}}分泌旺盛的部位，如臉、胸部上半段和背部[6]。[[青春期]]時，痤瘡的發生多半是因為[[雄激素]]（如[[睪酮]]）的增加，造成皮脂腺分泌過多皮脂[7][補充1]。除此之外，毛囊開口角化異常，導致阻塞而形成「粉刺」[補充1]、毛囊附近的{{lang-en|痤瘡丙酸桿菌|Propionibacterium acnes}}（Propionibacterium acnes）過度滋生，造成毛囊局部感染[補充1]、以及皮膚產生發炎反應，也是痤瘡的主要病因[補充1]。痤疮还有一種亞型，好發於[[成年]][[女性]]。特徵是臉時常很油膩、[[月經]]來潮前症狀會特別明顯、病灶集中於[[下巴]]、[[脖子]]等處。此類病患的{{link-en|鑑別診斷|Differential_diagnosis}}需要考虑是否为[[多囊卵巢綜合症]][補充2]。
+
+ *1. 原本的Oil glands連結連到hair follicle去了，應該要連到sebacious gland(無中文wiki)
+ *這我跟英文審定版 那邊講了，也擅自改了英文的審定版 XD。
+ *2. 此段或許可考慮加入以下段落讓病因部分看起來更清楚?
+ *Four main factors lead to the formation of acne lesions: (1) increased sebum production by sebaceous glands, in which androgens have an important role; (2) hyperkeratinization of the follicle, leading to a microcomedo that eventually enlarges into a comedo; (3) colonization of the follicle by the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes; and (4) an inflammatory reaction.2
+ *以上取自AAFP(美國家庭醫師協會)資料；http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html
+ *中文翻譯：
+ *四個因素和痤瘡的形成有關，分述如下：一、皮脂腺分泌過多皮脂(雄激素和此有很大的關係)，二、毛囊開口角化異常，導致阻塞而形成「粉刺」，三、毛囊附近的痤瘡桿菌(Propionibacterium acnes)過度滋生，造成毛囊局部感染，四、皮膚產生發炎反應。
+ *認同加入段落以提高可讀性
+ *好的，我試著編輯進去了
+ *[補充1]
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|author=Stephen Titus, Joshua Hodge|title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne|journal=American Family Physician|vomune=86|issue=8|pages=734-40|date=2012-10-15|pmid=23062156|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html|accessdate=2015-04-04}}</ref>
+ *[補充2]
+ *<ref name=Housman2014>{{cite journal|author=Housman E, Reynolds RV|title=Polycystic ovary syndrome: A review for dermatologists: Part I. Diagnosis and manifestations|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|volume=71|issue=5|pages=847|date=November 2014|pmid=25437977|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.007}}</ref>
+ *[5]
+ *<ref name=Knutsen2012>{{cite journal|author=Knutsen-Larson S, Dawson AL, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=30|issue=1|pages=99–106|date=January 2012|pmid=22117871|doi=10.1016/j.det.2011.09.001}}</ref>
+ *[6]
+ *<ref name=Overview>{{cite journal|author=Benner N, Sammons D|title=Overview of the treatment of acne vulgaris|journal=Osteopathic Family Physician|volume=5 |issue=5|pages=185–90|date=September 2013|doi=10.1016/j.osfp.2013.03.003}}</ref>
+ *[7]
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|author=James WD|title=Acne|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=14|pages=1463–72|date=April 2005|pmid=15814882|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp033487}}</ref>
+
+ <!-- Prevention and Treatment -->
+ Many treatment options are available to improve the appearance of acne including lifestyle changes, procedures, and medications. Eating fewer simple carbohydrates like sugar may help.[8] Topicalical benzoyl peroxide,salicylic acid, and azelaic acid are commonly used treatments.[9] Antibiotics and retinoids are available topically and by mouth to treat acne.[9] However, resistance to antibiotics may develop.[10] A number of birth control pills may be useful in women.[9] Oral isotretinoin is usually reserved for severe acne due to greater potential side effects.[9] Early and aggressive treatment is advocated by some to lessen the overall long-term impact to individuals.[4]
+ <!-- 預防及治療 -->
+ 痤疮可能會造成[[皮膚]]的凹陷（pitted）、{{link-en|攣縮性|hypertrophic}}[[疤痕]]，也會给患者帶來心理上的傷害，如让人丧失自信。因此，提前预防和治疗粉刺，不仅能减少疤痕，更能避免疾病对患者的心理造成影响。有許多治療方式有助於改善外觀，其中包含生活型態的調整以及藥物治療。少吃高碳水化合物食物(如糖類)可能有所幫助[8]。外敷[[過氧化苯甲醯]]、[[水楊酸]]，和{{link-en|杜鵑花酸|azelaic acid}}則為常見的藥物治療方式[9] 。口服和局部地使用[[抗細菌藥|抗生素]]和{{link-en|類視色素|Retinoid|維生素A類衍生物}}亦能夠治療痤瘡[9]。然而，因為痤瘡與痤瘡丙酸桿菌相關，所以對於抗生素的抗藥性是有可能產生的[10]。對少部分的婦女來說，服用[[復合口服避孕藥|避孕藥]]也有治療效果[9]。由於口服[[異維A酸|異維生素A酸]]會有較大的副作用，因此只建議嚴重的痤瘡患者使用[9]。盡早積極地治療能夠減輕痤瘡對患者的長遠影響[4]。
+
+ *"resistance to antibiotics may develop."這句怪怪的，痤瘡並不是細菌or病毒，為什麼會有抗藥性的產生呢?
+ *痤瘡和痤瘡丙酸桿菌有關，所以治療中才會包括抗生素~(而只要是抗生素殺菌，就有可能有抗藥性的產生)
+ *那是不是應該要陳述痤瘡丙酸桿菌和本疾病的關係呢? 還是能否請鼎淵附上該項資訊 (痤瘡和痤瘡丙酸桿菌的關係or痤瘡丙酸桿菌對抗生素產生抗藥性)的文獻呢?
+ *我也建議放上去耶，不然前後感覺很不連貫。
+ *Four main factors lead to the formation of acne lesions: (1) increased sebum production by sebaceous glands, in which androgens have an important role; (2) hyperkeratinization of the follicle, leading to a microcomedo that eventually enlarges into a comedo; (3) colonization of the follicle by the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes; and (4) an inflammatory reaction.2
+ *以上取自AAFP(美國家庭醫師協會)資料；http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html
+ *其實我也覺得加入這段翻譯可能會更清楚，不然原本的病因那段寫得實在有點搔不到癢處
+ *嗯，認同你的看法
+ *因為剛剛有把 Xavier Lan 提到的文獻放在前段的病因之中，把細菌造成的痤瘡也說明了，所以這邊不連貫的問題應該算解決了。
+ *[8]
+ *<ref name=Mahmood2014>{{cite journal|author=Mahmood SN, Bowe WP|title=Diet and acne update: carbohydrates emerge as the main culprit|journal=Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD|volume=13|issue=4|pages=428–35|date=April 2014|pmid=24719062}}</ref>
+ *[9]
+ *<ref name=Titus2012>{{cite journal|author=Titus S, Hodge J|title=Diagnosis and treatment of acne|journal=American family physician|date=October 2012|volume=86|issue=8|pages=734–40|pmid=23062156|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1015/p734.html}}</ref>
+ *[10]
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Beylot|first1=C|last2=Auffret|first2=N|last3=Poli|first3=F|last4=Claudel|first4=JP|last5=Leccia|first5=MT|last6=Del Giudice|first6=P|last7=Dreno|first7=B|title=Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne.|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV|date=March 2014|volume=28|issue=3|pages=271–8|pmid=23905540|doi=10.1111/jdv.12224}}</ref>
+
+
+ <!-- Epidemiology -->
+
+ Acne occurs most commonly during adolescence, affecting an estimated 80–90% of teenagers in the Western world.[11][12][13] Lower rates are reported in some rural societies.[13][14] In 2010, acne was estimated to affect 650 million people globally making it the 8th most common disease worldwide.[15] People may also be affected before and after puberty.[16] Though it becomes less common in adulthood than in adolescence, nearly half of people in their twenties and thirties continue to have acne.[2] About 4% continue to have difficulties into their forties.[2]
+ <!-- 流行病學 -->
+ 痤瘡最常發生於[[青少年]]時期，估計約有80－90%[[西方世界]]的青少年受到感染[11][12][13] ，而在鄉村罹患痤瘡的比例則較低。[13][14] 2010年，全世界罹患痤瘡的人數可能達到6.5億人，使之成為世界上第八大常見疾病。[15]成人罹患痤瘡的機率相對較小，但也不是完全沒有機會.[16]。近半數的人直至20歲或30歲都還持續發生痤瘡[2] ；有4%的人甚至到40歲都還為此感到困擾[2]。
+
+ *[11]
+ *<ref name=Taylor2011>{{cite journal |doi=10.1684/ejd.2011.1357 |first1=Marisa |last1=Taylor |first2=Maria |last2=Gonzalez |first3=Rebecca |last3=Porter |date=May–June 2011|title=Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology |journal=European Journal of Dermatology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=323–33 |pmid=21609898}}</ref>
+ *[12]
+ *<ref name=BMJ2013>{{cite journal|author=Dawson AL, Dellavalle RP|title=Acne vulgaris|journal=BMJ |volume=346|issue=5|page=f2634|date=May 2013|pmid=23657180|doi=10.1136/bmj.f2634 }}</ref>
+ *[13]
+ *<ref name=Ber2011>{{cite book|last=Berlin|first=David J. Goldberg, Alexander L.|title=Acne and Rosacea Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment.|publisher=Manson Pub.|location=London|isbn=9781840766165|page=8|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZSjauawI1FsC&pg=PA8&dq}}</ref>
+ *[14]
+ *<ref name=Spen2009>{{cite journal|author=Spencer EH, Ferdowsian, Barnard ND|title=Diet and acne: a review of the evidence.|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=48|issue=4|pages=339–47|date=April 2009|pmid=19335417|doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x}}</ref>
+ *[15]
+ *<ref name=Hay2013>{{cite journal|last=Hay|first=RJ|author2=Johns, NE; Williams, HC; Bolliger, IW; Dellavalle, RP; Margolis, DJ; Marks, R; Naldi, L; Weinstock, MA; Wulf, SK; Michaud, C; J L Murray, C; Naghavi, M|title=The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions|journal=The Journal of investigative dermatology|volume=134|issue=6|pages=1527–34|date=October 2013|pmid=24166134|doi=10.1038/jid.2013.446}}</ref>
+ *[16]
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|author=Admani S, Barrio VR|title=Evaluation and treatment of acne from infancy to preadolescence|journal=Dermatologic therapy|volume=26|issue=6|pages=462–6|date=November 2013|pmid=24552409|doi=10.1111/dth.12108}}</ref>
+
+ 2015-04-05 已整合此篇至中文維基百科「粉刺」條目
+ 回到工作入口頁
+ *中文條目的名稱可以修改成尋常性痤瘡或青春痘嗎?
+ *可以，用「移動」的功能～
+ *剛剛已經發起是否移動的討論
|
||