醫週譯：蛔蟲病/Ascariasis
編輯歷史
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| 2017-07-12 04:44 – 05:24 | r0 – r2 | |
顯示 diff+ 醫週譯：蛔蟲病/Ascariasis
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+ 斜體為現有中文維基原文
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+ Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides.[1] Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small.[1] Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever at the beginning of the disease.[1] This may then be followed by symptoms of abdominal swelling, abdominal pain and diarrhea.[1] Children are most commonly affected and in this age group the infection may also cause poor weight gain, malnutrition and learning problems.[1][2][3]
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+ '''蛔蟲病'''（{{lang-en|ascariasis}}），是一種經[[線蟲動物門]]的寄生蟲[[蛔蟲]]所導致的疾病[1]。超過85%的感染病例─尤其是蛔蟲數目非常少的情況下─是沒有症狀的[1]。隨著蛔蟲數目的增加，便可能會出現症狀：一開始可能會有[[呼吸困難]]與發燒的情況[1]，之後產生腹部腫脹、腹痛與[[腹瀉]][1]。兒童是最常被感染的族群，而該疾病也會導致兒童體重無法增加、[[營養不良]]與學習問題[1][2][3]。
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+ *這段文字乾脆直接刪掉重寫好了。
+ *我已經把原本的中文條目整理進去。
+ *[1]<ref name=Dold2011>{{cite journal|last=Dold|first=C|coauthors=Holland, CV|title=Ascaris and ascariasis.|journal=Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur|date=Jul 2011|volume=13|issue=7|pages=632-7|pmid=20934531}}</ref>
+ *[2]<ref name=Hagel2010>{{cite journal|last=Hagel|first=I|coauthors=Giusti, T|title=Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets.|journal=Infectious disorders drug targets|date=Oct 2010|volume=10|issue=5|pages=349-67|pmid=20701574}}</ref>
+ *[3]<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections Fact sheet N°366|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/|work=World Health Organization|date=June 2013}}</ref>
+ *
+ <!-- Cause and Mechanism -->
+ Infection occurs by eating food or drinking water contaminated with Ascaris eggs from feces.[2] The eggs hatch in the intestines, burrow through the gut wall, and migrate to the lungs via the blood.[2] There they break into the alveoli and pass up the trachea where they are coughed up and swallowed.[2] The larvae then pass through the stomach for a second time into the intestines, where they become adult worms.[2]
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+ <!-- 成因與機轉 -->
+ 蛔蟲病是經由食用或飲用存有從糞便而來的蛔蟲卵之食物或水而感染[2]。{{subst:fact/auto|常見的感染途徑為生吃蔬菜、瓜果。在春夏季節，氣候溫暖潮濕，適於蛔蟲繁殖發育，人更容易感染蛔蟲病。}}蛔蟲的卵會在[[消化系統|腸道]]孵化，孵化的幼蟲會穿過腸壁、經由[[血液]]而遷移到[[肺]]部[2]。這些幼蟲會侵入[[肺泡]]，往上通過[[氣管]]，感染者氣管受到刺激而產生咳嗽反射，將這些幼蟲咳至咽喉，隨後吞入這些幼蟲[2]。被吞入的幼蟲會經由胃部，再次進入腸道成長為成蟲[2]。
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+ <!-- Prevention and Treatment -->
+ Prevention is by improved sanitation which includes improving access to toilets and proper disposal of feces.[1][4] Handwashing with soap appears protective.[5] In areas where more than 20% of the population is affected, treating everyone at regular intervals is recommended.[1] Reoccurring infections are, however, common.[2][6] There is no vaccine.[2] Treatments recommended by the World Health Organization are the medication: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole or pyrantel pamoate.[2] Other effective agents include tribendimidine and nitazoxanide.[2]
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+ <!-- 預防與治療 -->
+ 蛔蟲病可以藉改善衛生條件預防，包括廁所的普及化與糞便的妥善處理[1][4]。以肥皂洗手也被認為有預防效果[5]。在感染率大於20%的區域，一般建議對所有居民定期投藥治療[1]，但重覆感染仍然相當常見[2][6]。目前並沒有有效的疫苗[2]。世界衛生組織建議使用[[阿苯達唑]]、{{link-en|美鞭達唑|Mebendazole}}、{{link-en|左旋咪唑衍生物|levamisole}}、或{{link-en|雙羥萘酸噻嘧啶|pyrantel pamoate}}來治療蛔蟲病[2]，其他有效的藥物包括{{link-en|三苄糖苷|tribenoside}}與{{link-en|硝唑尼特|nitazoxanide}}等[2]。
+ *[4]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ziegelbauer|first=K|coauthors=Speich, B; Mäusezahl, D; Bos, R; Keiser, J; Utzinger, J|title=Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoS medicine|date=Jan 2012|volume=9|issue=1|pages=e1001162|pmid=22291577}}</ref>
+ *[5]<ref name=Fung2009>{{cite journal|last=Fung|first=IC|coauthors=Cairncross, S|title=Ascariasis and handwashing.|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|date=Mar 2009|volume=103|issue=3|pages=215-22|pmid=18789465}}</ref>
+ *[6]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jia|first=TW|coauthors=Melville, S; Utzinger, J; King, CH; Zhou, XN|title=Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=PLoS neglected tropical diseases|date=2012|volume=6|issue=5|pages=e1621|pmid=22590656}}</ref>
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+ <!-- Epidemiology -->
+ About 1.2 billion people globally have ascariasis, with the most heavily affected populations being in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia.[1][7] This makes ascariasis the most common form of soil-transmitted helminthiasis.[7] As of 2010, it caused about 2,700 deaths, down from 3,400 in 1990.[8] Another type of Ascaris infects pigs.[1]
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+ <!-- 流行病學 -->
+ 全球大約12億人罹患蛔蟲病，最多感染的地區包含[[撒哈拉以南非洲]]、[[拉丁美洲]]與亞洲[1][7]。這使得蛔蟲病成為最常見的{{link-en|土壤傳播蠕蟲病役|Soil-transmitted helminthiasis}}[7]。截至2010年，該疾病導致2,700人死亡，比起1990年的3,400人有所下降[8]。另外一種{{link-en|蛔蟲屬|Ascaris|蛔蟲}}會感染豬隻[1]。{{subst:fact/auto|在中國有些地方，蛔蟲被叫做「消食蟲」，誤以為它能幫助人消化，事實上，蛔蟲是寄生在小腸中吸取人腹內的營養物質它靠在腸內攝取半消化的食物來生活，因此易造成兒童的營養不良，中國民間稱之為「疳積」、「蟲疳」。}}
+ *[7]<ref name=Kei2010>{{cite journal|last=Keiser|first=J|coauthors=Utzinger, J|title=The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections.|journal=Advances in parasitology|date=2010|volume=73|pages=197-230|pmid=20627144}}</ref>
+ *[8]<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref>
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+ 2014-12-29 已與中文維基百科「蛔蟲病」的引言頁面整合
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