Midazolam（咪氟唑侖）
Midazolam, marketed under the trade names Versed among others, is a medication used for anesthesia, procedural sedation, trouble sleeping, and severe agitation.[1] It works by making people sleepy, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of ability to create new memories.[1] It is also useful for the treatment of seizures.[2] Midazolam can be given by mouth, intravenously, by injection into a muscle, sprayed into the nose, or in the cheek.[1][2]When given intravenously it begins working typically within five minutes, when injected into a muscle it can take fifteen minutes to begin working.[1] Effects last for between one and six hours.[1]
咪氟唑侖, 以Versed為商品名販售, 用以麻醉, 手術前鎮靜, 睡眠困難, 以及精神運動激動. 會使人產生睡意, 降低焦慮, 造成健忘, 也可被使用在癲癇治療上, 此藥可口服, 靜脈注射, 肌肉注射, 噴入鼻腔, 以及塗抹在口腔黏膜. 基本上靜脈注射後約五分鐘開始作用, 而肌肉注射則需十五分鐘, 作用維持在一到六個小時間.
Side effects can include irregular breath, low blood pressure, and insomnia.[1] ?????tolerance to its effects may occur and a withdrawal syndrome may follow long-term use.[3] Paradoxical effects, such as increased activity, can occur especially in children and older people.[3] There is evidence of risk when used during pregnancy but no evidence of harm with a single dose during breastfeeding.[4][5] It is of the benzodiazepine class and works through the GABA neurotransmitter.[1]
副作用包含呼吸不規律, 低血壓, 失眠等. 在長期使用後, 其作用的耐受性可造成戒斷症狀, 非常規反應, 如造成孩童與老人的好動, 有證據證明此藥對於孕婦具有使用風險, 但目前無證據顯示哺乳時服用單一劑量會對婦女產生傷害, 此藥屬於苯二氮類藥物的一員, 透過GABA神經傳導物質進行作用.
Midazolam first came into use in 1976.[6] It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[7] Midazolam is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive.[4] Wholesale a vial is about 0.35 USD.[8] In many countries, it is a controlled substance.[1]
咪氟唑侖在1976年開始被使用, 並被列入世界衛生組織基本藥物, 是基本醫療體系中重要的藥物, 已有學名藥出售, 且售價不高, 一個劑量的大盤價是0.35美金, 在諸多國家中是管制藥物.