C型肝炎Hepatitis C
編輯歷史
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| 2017-07-17 16:23 | r2 | |
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| 2017-07-12 07:06 – 07:06 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ C型肝炎Hepatitis C
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+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Hepatitis_C
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+ 中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E
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+ HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries in healthcare, and transfusions.[2][3]With blood screening the risk from a transfusion is less than one per two million.[2] It may also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.[2] It is not spread by normal contact.[4] It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.[5] Diagnosis is by blood testing to look for either antibodies to the virus or its RNA. Testing is recommended in all people who are at risk.[2]
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+ '''C型肝炎'''（{{lang|en|Hepatitis C}}）是一種由C型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus，簡稱HCV）引起的體液傳染性疾病。該病的傳播大多藉由{{le|藥物注射|Drug_injection|共用針頭}}、消毒不完全的醫療設備、在進行健康照護工作時的[[針扎傷害]]還有[[輸血]][2][3]。現在有了血液篩檢作業後，經由輸血而感染的病例已小於兩百萬分之一[2] 。還有另一種傳播方式是母親在生產時給嬰孩[2] 。一般日常生活的接觸是不具傳染性的[4] 。C型肝炎是已知五種肝炎病毒的其中一種：[[A型肝炎|A型]]、[[B型肝炎|B型]]、C型、[[D型肝炎|D型]]、[[E型肝炎|E型]][5]。診斷方法是檢測血液中是否存在血清[[抗體]]或是病毒的[[RNA]]。只要是暴露在危險因子下的民眾，都會建議進行篩檢[2]。
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+ There is no vaccine against hepatitis C.[2] Prevent involves harm reduction efforts among people who use intravenous drugs and testing donated blood.[4] Chronic infection can be cured about 90% of the time with treatments that include the medications sofosbuvir orsimeprevir.[2][4] Previous to this a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin was used which had a cure rate around 50% and greater side effects. Getting access to the newer treatments however can be expensive.[4] Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation.[6]
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+ 目前還沒有c型肝炎的有效[[疫苗]][2]。預防的方法有針對長期使用靜脈注射藥物以及捐血的人們提出的減害計畫[4] 。慢性感染的病患只要給予包括[[Sofosbuvir (商品名Sovaldi)]]或是[[Simeprevir (商品名Olysio)]]的藥物治療，大約有90%可被治癒[2][4]。早前的治療方式還有以[[干擾素Pegasys(Peginterferon alfa-2a)]]混合[[ribavirin]] 的合併療法，治癒率大約僅50%且有強烈的副作用。現階段，新型療法的花費也相對較高[4]。已罹患肝硬化或肝癌的患者可能需要考慮[[肝臟移植]]。c型肝炎是進行肝臟移植的首要病因，但許多病患在接受肝移植後仍有病毒復發的可能[6]。
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+ An estimated 130–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C.[7][8][4] It occurs most commonly in Africa and Central and East Asia.[4] About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer and 358,000 deaths due to cirrhosis occurred in 2013 due to hepatitis C.[9]The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis– was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989.[10] Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees.[11]
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+ 據估計，全世界約一億三千萬至兩億人已感染C型肝炎[7][8][4]。感染者集中于非洲、中亞及東亞[4]。在2013年，因感染C型肝炎，全球逾三十四萬三千人死於肝癌，又有逾三十五萬八千人死於肝硬化。C型肝炎起初僅被認為是一種非[[A型]]或[[B型]]的[[肝炎]]，在二十世紀七十年代被科學家設想，並在1989年被證實[10]。C型肝炎僅感染人類與[[黑猩猩屬]][11]。
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+ References[edit]
+ *1. Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors), ed. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 551–2. ISBN 0838585299.
+ *2."Hepatitis C FAQs for Health Professionals". CDC. January 8, 2016. Retrieved4 February 2016.
+ *3.Maheshwari, A; Thuluvath, PJ (February 2010). "Management of acute hepatitis C". Clinics in liver disease 14 (1): 169–76; x. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.007. PMID 20123448.
+ *4."Hepatitis C Fact sheet N°164". WHO. July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
+ *5. "Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. April 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
+ *6. Rosen, HR (2011-06-23). "Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection". The New England Journal of Medicine 364 (25): 2429–38. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1006613.PMID 21696309.
+ *7. Gravitz L. (2011). "A smouldering public-health crisis". Nature 474 (7350): S2–4.doi:10.1038/474S2a. PMID 21666731.
+ *8. Mohd Hanafiah, K; Groeger, J; Flaxman, AD; Wiersma, ST (April 2013). "Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence.".Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 57 (4): 1333–42. doi:10.1002/hep.26141.PMID 23172780.
+ *9. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.".Lancet 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604.PMID 25530442.
+ *10. Houghton M (November 2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus". Journal of Hepatology 51 (5): 939–48.doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004. PMID 19781804.
+ *11. Shors, Teri (2011-11-08). Understanding viruses (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 535. ISBN 9780763785536.
+ 2016/2/21 已整合到 "C型肝炎 " 中
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