震顫性譫妄, 酒毒性譫妄/Delirium tremens
編輯歷史
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| 2017-07-17 16:24 | r2 | |
顯示 diff（40 行未修改）
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| 2017-07-12 07:33 – 07:36 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 震顫性譫妄, 酒毒性譫妄/Delirium tremens
+ 目前英文條目：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_delirium_tremens
+ 目前中文條目: 無
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+ *發現酒精戒斷症候群己有條目（https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%88%92%E6%96%B7%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4 ），且英文維基對應條目不同，因此此條目的中文改為＂震顫性譫妄＂
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+ Delirium tremens (DTs) is a state of confusion of rapid onset that is usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol. If it occurs it is often 3 days into the withdrawal symptoms and lasts two to three days. People may also see or hear things other people do not.[1] Physical effects may include shakings, shivering, an irregular heart rates, and sweating.[2] Occationally a very high body temperature or seizures may result in death.[1] Alcohol is one of the most dangerous drug to withdrawal from.[3]
+ 酒精戒斷症候群(DTs)是形容因[[戒除酒精]]而引起的[[譫妄]]狀態。若有這個狀況發生，通常在三天后會有戒斷癥狀的產生，並可能持續二至三天。患者也有機會產生[[幻聽幻覺]][1] 。生理上的表徵包括[[顫抖]]、寒顫、[[心悸]]以及盜汗[2]。若有[[高熱]]或[[癲癇]]的情形，將有導致死亡的風險[1]。酒精其實是其中一種非常危險且難以戒除的藥物[3]。
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+ Delirium tremens typically only occurs in people with a high intake of alcohol for more than a month.[4] A similar syndrome may occur with benzodiazepine and barbiturate withdrawal.[5] Withdrawal from stimulates such cocaine does not have major medical complications.[6] In a person with delirium tremens it is important to rule out other associated problems such as electrolyte abnormalities, pancreatitis, and alcoholic hepatitis.[1]
+ 酒精戒斷症狀通常發生在大量喝酒超過一個月的飲酒者身上[4]。相似的戒斷症狀可能發生在[[苯二氮平類(Benzodiazepines)]]和[[巴比妥類藥物]]的成癮者上[5] 。但是對於停用[[古柯鹼]]類的興奮劑，則沒有太嚴重的併發症[6] 。針對有酒精戒斷症狀的患者，首先必須排除例如[[電解質不平衡]]、[[胰臟炎]]還有[[酒精性肝炎]]的可能性[1]。
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+ Prevention is by treating withdraw symptoms. If delirium tremens occurs agressive treatment improve outcomes. Treatment in a quit intensive care unit with sufficient light is often recommended. Benzodiazepines are the medication of choice with diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and oxazepam all commonly used.[4] They should be given until a person lightly sleeping. The antipsychotic, haloperidol may also be used. The vitamin, thiamine, is recommended.[1] Mortality without treatment is between 15% and 40%.[7] Currently death occurs in about 1% to 4% of cases.[1]
+ 舒緩戒斷症狀的症狀治療可預防酒精戒斷症候群，而當譫妄已然發生時，積極的治療可改善預後。治療通常建議在安靜且光線充足的加護病房內進行。[[苯二氮平類(Benzodiazepines)]]是治療時選用的藥物，另外[[丹祈屏錠(Diazepam)]]、[[樂耐平(Lorazepam)]]、[[氯氮卓(Chlordiazepoxide)]]和[[羥苯二氮卓(Oxazepam)]]都是常用的藥物。也建議讓病患補充硫胺素(thiamine, 維生素的一種)。在沒有治療的情況下，致死率介於15%到40%之間。目前每100個酒精戒斷症候群病患中則約有1到4個死亡案例發生。
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+ About half of people with alcoholism will develop withdrawal symptoms upon reducing their use. Of these, three to five percent develop DTs or have seizures.[1] The name delirium tremens was first used in 1813; however, the symptoms were well described since the 1700s.[4] The word "delirium" is Latin for "going of the rails". It is also called shaking frenzy and Saunders-Sutton syndrome.[7] Nicknames include barrel-fever, blue horrors, bottleache, bats, drunken horrors, elephants, gallon distemper, quart mania, pink spiders, among others.[8]
+ 約一半有[[酒精成癮]]的人，會在減少飲酒量後產生戒斷癥狀。在他們當中，差不多有三到五%會接著發生酒精戒斷症候群或有癲癇的情形[1] 。酒精戒斷症候群這個名詞是首先在1813年被提出，但是一直到18世紀才有對這個病徵完整的描述[4]。「譫妄」這個詞源自於[[拉丁文]]中的"偏離"。又被稱作震顫性譫妄或Saunders-Sutton症候群[7] 。在美國俚語中，它有包括（ barrel-fever,blue horrors, bottleache, bats, drunken horrors, elephants, gallon distemper, quart mania, pink spiders）等的暱稱。
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+ 參考文獻/references
+ *1.Schuckit, MA (27 November 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens).". The New England Journal of Medicine 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113.
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+ *2. Healy, David (3 December 2008). Psychiatric Drugs Explained. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-7020-2997-4.
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+ *3. Fisher, Gary L. (2009). Encyclopedia of substance abuse prevention, treatment, & recovery. Los Angeles: SAGE. p. 1005. ISBN 9781452266015.
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+ *4.Stern, TA; Gross, AF; Stern, TW; Nejad, SH; Maldonado, JR (2010). "Current approaches to the recognition and treatment of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: "old wine in new bottles" or "new wine in old bottles".". Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry 12 (3). doi:10.4088/PCC.10r00991ecr. PMID 20944765.
+ *
+ *5.Posner, Jerome B. (2007). Plum and Posner's Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma. (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 283. ISBN 9780198043362.
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+ *6.Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D (1 July 2008). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment (4th ed.). United States of America: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-58562-276-4.
+ *
+ *7.Blom, Jan Dirk (2010). A dictionary of hallucinations (. ed.). New York: Springer. p. 136. ISBN 9781441912237.
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+ *8.Baldwin, Dan (2002). Just the FAQ's, Please, About Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Frequently Asked Questions from Families. America Star Books. pp. Chapter four. ISBN 9781611028706.
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+ 2016/2/22 已整合到 "震顫性譫妄 " 條目中
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