英文連結:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome
中文連結:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4
中文原始引言可參考使用
亞斯伯格症候群（英語：Asperger syndrome，簡稱AS），又名阿斯伯格綜合征或亞氏保加症，是一種泛自閉症障礙，其重要特徵是社交困難，伴隨著興趣狹隘及重複特定行為，但相較於其他泛自閉症障礙，仍相對保有語言及認知發展。亞斯伯格症患者的智力正常，其中有許多人智商偏高具有天賦，只有極少數的人屬於高智商，經常出現肢體笨拙和語言表達方式異常等狀況，偶爾會發出怪聲音，但並不作為診斷依據[1][2]。
這個病症在1944年被提出，因為成因與診斷標準長期存在爭議，2012年12月1日美國精神醫學會決議取消亞斯伯格症這個名稱，並將之納入自閉症譜系障礙（Autism Spectrum Disorder，簡稱ASD）。
Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger’s, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.[1] As a milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence.[2] Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common.[3][4] Symptoms usually begin before two years old and typically last for a person’s entire life.[1]
亞斯伯格症候群（英語：Asperger syndrome，簡稱AS），又名阿斯伯格綜合征或亞氏保加症，是一種泛自閉症障礙，其重要特徵是社交與[[非語言溝通]]的困難，同時伴隨著興趣狹隘及重複特定行為，但相較於其他泛自閉症障礙，仍相對保有語言及認知發展。亞斯伯格症患者的智力正常，其中有許多人智商偏高具有天賦，只有極少數的人屬於高智商，經常出現肢體笨拙和語言表達方式異常等狀況，偶爾會發出怪聲音，但並不作為診斷依據[1][2]。其症狀一般在兩歲前出現，並伴隨患者終生。
這個病症在1944年被提出，因為成因與診斷標準長期存在爭議，2012年12月1日美國精神醫學會決議取消亞斯伯格症這個名稱，並將之納入自閉症譜系障礙（Autism Spectrum Disorder，簡稱ASD）。
The exact cause of Asperger’s is unknown.[1] While it is likely partly inherited, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively.[3][5] Environmental factors are also believed to play a role.[1] Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying problem.[3] The diagnosis of Asperger’s was removed in the 2013 fifth edition of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and people with these symptoms are now included within the autism spectrum disorder along with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.[1][6] It remains within the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as of 2015.[2]
造成亞斯伯格症的確切原因尚未釐清[1]；雖然可能有部分遺傳因素，但現在背後並無基因學基礎得出的結論支撐[3][5]，環境也被認定是關鍵因素之一[1]。腦部顯影技術現在並無法釐清常見的潛在問題[3]。2013年時，亞斯伯格症的診斷已經從精神疾病的診斷與數據手冊第五版(DSM-5)中移除，現在這些患者被涵蓋於自閉症光譜中：其中包含自閉症與待分類的廣泛性發展障礙[1][6]。2015年，亞斯伯格症仍然被保留在國際疾病分類手冊第十版(ICD-10)[2]。
There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data.[3]Treatment is aimed at improving poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness.[7] Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy,speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems such as mood or anxiety.[7] Most children improve as they grow up, but social and communication difficulties usually persist.[8] Some researchers and people on the autism spectrum have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that autism spectrum disorder is a difference, rather than a disease that must be treated or cured.[9][10]
亞斯伯格症不限於單一治療方式，然而支撐特定干預措施的療效證據亦有限[3]；治療目標在於改進較弱的溝通技巧、強迫症、重複的例行工作和肢體動作不協調[7]。干預措施包含社交技巧的訓練、[[認知的行為治療]]、[[物理治療]]、[[言談治療]]、父母職能訓練和心理或焦慮等相關問題的藥物治療[7]。隨著年紀增長，大部分兒童患者的情況會改善，但社交與溝通障礙通常仍持續存在[8]，部分研究學者與在自閉症光譜裡的人士主張[[另一個觀點]]，認為泛自閉症只是個體呈現的差異，而不是必須治療或治癒的疾病[9][10]。
In 2013, Asperger’s was estimated to affect 31 million people globally.[11] The syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger who, in 1944, described children in his practice who lacked nonverbal communication, had limited understanding of others’ feelings, and were physically clumsy.[12] The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1981 and went through a period of popularization.[13][14][15] It became a standardized diagnosis in the early 1990s.[16] Many questions and controversies remain about aspects of the disorder.[8] There is doubt about whether it is distinct from high-functioning autism (HFA).[17] Partly because of this, the percentage of people affected is not firmly established.[3]