眩暈Vertigo

{{Infobox Symptom

 | Name           = 眩暈 / Vertigo

 | Caption        = Horizontal [[nystagmus]], a sign which can accompany vertigo. 水平移動的[[眼球震顫]]，一種伴隨眩暈的病徵

 | Image          = Optokinetic nystagmus.gif

 | DiseasesDB     = 29286

 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|H|81||h|81}}, {{ICD10|R|42||r|42}}

 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|438.85}}, {{ICD9|780.4}}

 | ICDO           =

 | OMIM           =

 | MedlinePlus    =

 | eMedicineSubj  = article

 | eMedicineTopic = 1159385

 | MeshID         = D014717

}}

<!-- Definition and symptoms -->

Vertigo /ˈvɜrtɨɡoʊ/ is when a person feels like they are moving when they are not.[1] Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement.[1][2]There may be associated nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking. It is typically worsened when the head is moved. Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness.[2]

<!-- 定義與症狀 -->

眩暈是用來形容一個人靜止時卻感到周邊環境有相對運動的狀態[1]。眩暈常常是天旋地轉或是搖晃的一種感覺[1][2]。眩暈常常伴隨著[[噁心]]、[[嘔吐]]、盜汗或是不良於行。當頭部有所移動的時候，眩暈的症狀往往變的更糟。眩暈是最常見的{{le|頭暈|dizziness}}類型[2]。

<!-- Causes and diagnosis-->

The most common diseases that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,Manicure’s disease, and labyrinthine.[1][2] Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and migraines.[2]Physiologic vertigo may occur following being exposed to motion for a prolonged period such as when on a ship or simply following spinning with the eyes closed.[3][4] Other causes may include toxin exposures such as to alcohol or aspirin.[5] Vertigo is due a problem in a part of the vestibular system. Other causes of dizziness include presyncope,disequilibrium, and non-specific dizziness.[2]

<!-- 病因與診斷 -->

最常造成眩暈的疾病是{{le|良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈|Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo}}、[[美尼尔氏综合症]]及{{le|迷路炎|Labyrinthitis}}[1][2]，比較罕見的原因有[[中風]]、[[脑肿瘤]]、腦部外傷、[[多發性硬化症]]及{{le|前庭型偏頭痛|Vestibular migraine}}[2]。若在特定運動下維持太長時間，可能會出現生理性眩晕，例如在船上，或是在眼睛閉著時用力的轉頭[3][4]。其他的原因可能包括暴露在有毒物質下，例如過量的[[酒精]]或[[阿斯匹林]]等[5]。眩暈可能是因為[[前庭系统]]中的問題而造成，其他頭暈的原因可能包括{{le|暈厥前期|Presyncope}}、{{le|失衡症|Disequilibrium (medicine)}}及其他非特異性的頭暈[2]。

<!-- Diagnosis -->

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and are otherwise normal between these episodes.[6] The epiodes of vertigo should last less than one minute.[2] The Dix-Hallpike test typically produces a period of rapid eye movements known as nystagmus in this condition.[1] In Ménière’s disease there is often ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and the attacks of vertigo last more than twenty minutes. In labyrinthitis the onset of vertigo is sudden and the nystagmus occurs without movement.[6] In this condition vertigo can last for days.[2]More severe causes that should also be considered.[6] This is especially true if other problems such as weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness occur.[2]

<!-- 診斷 -->

良性陣發性姿勢性眩暈常見的情形是在移動時有發作頻繁的眩暈，在發作過程中身體正常[6]。眩暈持續的時間少於一分鐘[2]。{{le|Dix-Hallpike測試|Dix–Hallpike test}}一般會出現一段快速眼球晃動的期間，稱為[[眼球震颤]][1]。美尼尔氏综合症一般會伴隨著[[耳鸣]]、聽覺減弱，而眩暈會維持超過20分鐘。迷路炎的眩暈是突然出現的，而且會在沒有變換姿勢時出現眼球震顫[6]，此情形下眩暈可能會維持幾天。眩暈也可能是因為更嚴重的原因造成，尤其眩暈伴隨著虛弱、頭痛、[[复视]]及麻痺等症狀一起出現時[2]。

<!-- Epidemiology and society -->

Dizziness affect approximately 20%-40% of people at some point in time while about 7.5% and 10% have vertigo.[7] About 5% have vertigo in a given year. It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men. Vertigo accounts for about 2-3% of emergency department visits in the developed world.[8]

<!--流行病學與社會-->

約20%至40%的人曾經有頭暈的症狀，其中約有7.5%至10%的人是眩暈[7]。一年內約有5%的人有眩暈的症狀，隨著年齡增加，眩暈的比例會提高，女性有眩暈症狀的是男性的三倍。[[已開發國家]]急診就診的病患中，有約2%至3%是眩暈[8]。

20150809 正在整合至中文維基百科的 眩暈 (醫學) 之中，

20150822 發覺已經整合完畢（中文維基百科的志工已經幫忙收尾了，真是太感動了！）