非洲人類錐蟲病African Trypanosomiasis

中文：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E9%94%A5%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85

英文：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_African_trypanosomiasis

2014無國界譯者成果：

http://twb.translationcenter.org/workspace/jobs/view/id/23869

AfricanTrypanosomiasis2014simple_zh 2

{{Infobox disease

| Name = 非洲人类锥虫病

| Caption = 在{{link-en|血液涂片|Blood film}}中的椎体虫形态

| Image = Trypanosoma sp.PHIL 613 lores.jpg

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|56||b|50}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|086.5}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| DiseasesDB = 29277

| DiseasesDB_mult= {{DiseasesDB2|13400}}

| MedlinePlus = 001362

| eMedicineSubj = med

| eMedicineTopic = 2140

| MeshID = D014353

}}

’’’African trypanosomiasis’’’ or ’’’sleeping sickness’’’<ref name=WHO2013/> is a [[parasitic]] [[disease]] of humans and other animals. It is caused by [[parasite]] of the species ’’[[Trypanosoma brucei]]’’.<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001362|Sleeping sickness}}</ref> There are two types that infect humans, ’’[[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]]’’ (T.b.g) and ’’[[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense]]’’ (T.b.r.).<ref name=WHO2013/> T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite journal|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/|title=Fact sheet N°259: Trypanosomiasis, Human African (sleeping sickness)|author=WHO Media centre|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=March 2014|accessdate=25 April 2014}}</ref> Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected [[tsetse fly]] and are most common in rural areas.<ref name=WHO2013/>

現有翻譯，看上去還行。似乎是從新版英文來的？
看檢視歷史的話，應該是2014年Yexiaoxing整合到維基上時就已經更新了。

’’’非洲人类锥虫病’’’或’’’昏睡病’’’或’’’嗜睡病’’’（{{lang-en|African trypanosomiasis，sleeping sickness}}），是一种由{{link-en|布氏锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei}}<ref>{{MedlinePlus|001362|Sleeping sickness}}</ref>引起的[[寄生虫病]]，在人类或其他动物中均有发生。有两种寄生虫可感染人类：{{link-en|布氏冈比亚锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei gambiense}}（學名：{{lang|la|’’Trypanosoma brucei gambiense’’}}，簡稱：T.b.g.）与{{link-en|布氏罗得西亚锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense}}（學名：{{lang|la|’’Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense’’}}<ref name=WHO2014/>，簡稱：T.b.r.）<ref name=WHO2014/>。在昏睡病报告病例中，布氏冈比亚锥虫引起的病例占98%<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite journal|author=世界卫生组织媒体中心|title=非洲人类锥虫病（昏睡病）|year=2014年3月|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/zh/}}</ref>。这两种寄生虫都是由[[采采蝇]]叮咬传播的，在农村地区最为常见<ref name=WHO2014/>。

以下原始碼由 link-ts 得到；考慮將 WHO2013 置換為 WHO2014。
我中文直接使用現在維基百科上的症狀、診斷兩段的版本。

Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains.<ref name=WHO2013/> This begins one to three weeks after the bite.<ref name=Lancet2013/> Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Lancet2013/> Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a {{tsl|en|blood smear||}} or in the fluid of a lymph node.<ref name=Lancet2013/> A {{tsl|en|lumbar puncture||}} is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.<ref name=Lancet2013/>

在疾病发展的第一阶段，起初会有发热、头痛、发痒与关节痛的症状<ref name=WHO2014/>，这是从被咬后的一到两周开始的<ref name=Lancet2013/>。几周或是几个月之后，疾病的第二阶段开始，这一阶段伴有意志模糊、协调性变差、身体麻木与入眠困难<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Lancet2013/>。诊断是通过在{{link-en|血液涂片|Blood film}}中或是淋巴结液中找到寄生虫做出的<ref name=Lancet2013/>。通常需要{{link-en|腰椎穿刺|Lumbar puncture}}来辨别疾病是处于第一阶段还是第二阶段<ref name=Lancet2013/>。

Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g.<ref name=WHO2013/> Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur.<ref name=WHO2013/> Treatment of the first stage is with the medications {{tsl|en|pentamidine||}} or {{tsl|en|suramin||}}.<ref name=WHO2013/> Treatment of the second stage involves: [[二氟甲基鳥氨酸]] or a combination of {{tsl|en|nifurtimox||}} and eflornithine for T.b.g.<ref name=Lancet2013>{{cite journal|last=Kennedy|first=PG|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).|journal=Lancet neurology|date=Feb 2013|volume=12|issue=2|pages=186–94|pmid=23260189|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70296-X}}</ref> While {{tsl|en|melarsoprol||}} works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.<ref name=WHO2013/>

为预防严重疾病的发生，通常要将处于患病危险的人群使用{{link-en|布氏冈比亚锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei gambiense}}血液测试进行筛选<ref name=WHO2014/>。若能在疾病早期，即在神经性症状发生之前进行诊断，治疗较为容易<ref name=WHO2014/>。使用{{link-en|喷他脒|Pentamidine}}或{{link-en|苏拉明|Suramin}}在疾病的第一阶段进行治疗<ref name=WHO2014/>。对第二阶段的治疗，应使用[[二氟甲基鳥氨酸]]或结合使用{{link-en|硝呋噻氧|nifurtimox}}与[[二氟甲基鳥氨酸]]以治疗{{link-en|布氏冈比亚锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei gambiense}}<ref name=Lancet2013>{{cite journal|last=Kennedy|first=PG|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).|journal=Lancet neurology|date=2013 Feb|volume=12|issue=2|pages=186-94|pmid=23260189}}</ref>。虽然{{link-en|美拉胂醇|melarsoprol}}对两种寄生虫都有效果，因其严重的副作用，通常只被用于{{link-en|布氏罗得西亚锥虫|Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense}}<ref name=WHO2014/>。

The disease occurs regularly in some regions of [[撒哈拉以南非洲]] with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries.<ref name=Sim2012>{{cite journal |author=Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR |title=Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness |journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=e1859 |year=2012 |pmid=23145192 |pmc=3493382 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859 |url=http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859|display-authors=etal}}</ref> As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=15 December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012.<ref name=WHO2013/> More than 80% of these cases are in the [[刚果民主共和国]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in [[乌干达]] and the [[刚果盆地]] and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries.<ref name=WHO2013/> Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.<ref name=WHO2013/>

该疾病常发生于[[撒哈拉以南非洲]]的部分地区，该地区的36个国家中，有七千万人有着感染风险<ref name=Sim2012>{{cite journal|author=Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, Paone M, Diarra A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Fèvre EM, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG |title=Estimating and Mapping the Population at Risk of Sleeping Sickness |journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis |volume=6|issue=10|pages=e1859|year=2012|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859}}</ref>。在2010年，它造成了9,000例死亡，与1990年的34,000例死亡相比，有所下降。<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref>据猜测，现有的感染人数为30,000人，2012年的新的感染人数为7,000人<ref name=WHO2014/>。多于80%的新的感染病例发生在[[刚果民主共和国]]<ref name=WHO2014/>。在近代史中，该疾病共爆发了三次：一次是从1896年至1906年，发生在[[乌干达]]与[[刚果盆地]]的爆发，另外两次发生在1920和1970年，发生于多个非洲国家<ref name=WHO2014/>。其他动物，例如牛，也可能携带该寄生虫并且被感染<ref name=WHO2014/>。

2017/3/3已整合到中文維基條目中