審定稿：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_rubella
中文：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%96%B9
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles,[1] is a infection caused by the rubella virus.[2] This disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick.[3][4] A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash is not as bright as that of measles and is sometimes itchy. Swollen lymph nodes are common and may last a few weeks.[4] A fever, soar throat, and fatigue may also occur.[4][5] In adults joint pain is common. Complications may include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, and inflammation of nerves.[4] Infection during early pregnancy may result in a child born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) or miscarriage. Symptoms of CRS include problems with the eyes such as cataracts, ears such as deafness, heart, and brain. Problems are rare after the 20th week of pregnancy.[2]
’’’風疹’’’（{{lang-en|rubella, German measles, three-day measles}}[1]），又稱德國麻疹或三日麻疹，是一種由{{link-en|風疹病毒|Rubella virus}}而[[感染]]的疾病[2]。風疹的症狀輕微，半數患病者通常不會有自覺患病[3][4]，患者在感染兩週後開始起皮疹，約維持三天；皮疹往往從臉上開始，蔓延至身體其他部位。皮疹不像麻疹有明顯症狀，而且有時會[[癢]]；通常會伴隨{{link-en|淋巴結腫大|Lymphadenopathy}}現象，並且持續數週[4]，發燒、喉嚨痛及疲勞也是症狀之一[4][5]，患病的成人也常見[[關節炎|關節疼痛]]。併發症包含出血問題，[[睪丸炎|睪丸腫脹]]以及{{link-en|神經發炎|Peripheral_neuropathy#Neuritis}}[4]。[[妊娠|懷孕]]初期患病可能導致嬰兒染有{{link-en|先天性風疹症候群|Congenital rubella syndrome}}（Congenital rubella syndrome / CRS）或[[流產]]。先天性風疹症候群的症狀包含眼疾如[[白內障]]、[[聾|聽覺障礙]]、心臟問題與腦部問題；但風疹對懷孕20週後的孕婦患者影響較小[2]。
Rubella is usually spread through the air via coughs of people who are infected.[2][6] People are infectious during the week before and after the appearance of the rash. Babies with CRS may spread the virus for more than a year.[4] Only humans are infected.[2] Insect do not spread the disease.[4] Once recovered people are immune to future infections. Testing is available that can verify immunity.[2] Diagnosis is confirmed by finding the virus in the blood, throat, or urine. Testing the blood for antibodies may also be useful.[4]
風疹通常經由患者咳嗽時的{{link-en|空氣傳播|Airborne disease}}[2][6]，被傳染的人在發病前後一週會出現皮疹。患有先天性風疹症候群的嬰孩會傳染這病毒超過一年時間[4]。只有人類會被傳染，昆蟲類不會。人們一旦患病復原後就會對未來的感染免疫，這已經經實驗證明[2]。確診的方式是從血液，喉嚨與尿液中找到病毒，或是檢驗血液中的[[抗體]][4]。
Rubella is preventable with the rubella vaccine with a single dose being more than 95% effective.[2] Often it is given in combination with the measles vaccine and mumps vaccine, known as the MMR vaccine.[4] With a population vaccination rate of less than 80%; however, more women might make it to childbearing age with developing immunity and issues could increase.[2] Once infected there is no specific treatment.[5]
風疹利用一劑的{{link-en|風疹疫苗|Rubella vaccine}}就可以預防，成效超過95%[2]。疫苗通常會與{{link-en|麻疹疫苗|Measles vaccine}}、{{link-en|腮腺炎疫苗|Mumps vaccine}}合併為三合一疫苗，也就是所謂的[[麻腮風三聯疫苗|MMR混合疫苗]][4]。接種疫苗的人口比例少於80%；然而，女性大多會在生育年齡接種來增加抵抗力，但也增加問題[2]。一旦感染後將沒有特別的藥來治療[5]。
Rubella is a common in many areas of the world.[5] Each year about 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome occur.[2] Rates of disease have decreased in many areas including the Americas as a result of vaccination.[3][5] There are ongoing efforts to eliminate the disease globally.[2] The name "rubella" is from Latin and means little red. It was first described as a separate disease by German physicians in 1814 resulting in the name German measles.[4]
風疹在地球上的許多地區是很普遍的[5]。每年有大約十萬個先天性風疹症候群案例產生[2]。包含美國在內的許多地區，在使用疫苗接種後會降低患病的比例[3][5]。疫苗在全球依然能有效地消除這個疾病。英文的「rubella」這個名稱來自於拉丁文，其意思是「小小的紅色」。風疹於1814年，由德國醫師首次當作一個獨立的疾病提出，也因此被稱為德國[[麻疹]][4]。