腎上腺素

英文引言:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_epinephrine

中文條目:https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0

(原中文引言,歡迎參酌引用)

腎上腺素 (Epinephrine or adrenaline)是一種激素神經傳導物質。該詞的拉丁文前綴ad+renes意思是「在腎肝上」。有時腎上腺素會被簡寫為epi

Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a medication, hormone激素), and neurotransmitter神經傳導物質).[3][4] As a medication it is used for a number of conditions including: anaphylaxis全身型過敏性反應), cardiac arrest心搏停止), and superficial bleeding.[1]Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup義膜性喉炎).[5] It may also be used for asthma哮喘) when other treatments are not effective. It is given intravenously靜脈注射), by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.[1]

’’’腎上腺素’’’({{le|Epinephrine}}或{{le|adrenaline}})是一種[[激素]]及[[神經傳導物質]],也是一種藥物[3][4]。腎上腺素被應用於治療多項疾病,包含[[全身性過敏反應]]、[[心搏停止]],以及表面出血等等[1],吸入式的腎上腺素有時會被用於改善[[義膜性喉炎]]的症狀[5]。另外當[[哮喘]]的第一線治療皆無效時,也可能會考慮使用腎上腺素。由於口服腎上腺素會迅速被降解而失效,因此須從[[靜脈注射|靜脈]]、肌肉,或皮下注射給藥。也可以吸入的方式給予藥物[1]。

Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. A fast heart rate and high blood pressure may occur. Occasionally it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm心律不整). While the safety of its use during pregnancy妊娠) andbreastfeeding(母乳餵養) is unclear, the benefits to the mother must be taken into account.[1]

常見的副作用包括暈眩、焦慮和盜汗。心跳過快和高血壓也可能發生,偶爾也會導致[[心律不整]]。雖然此藥物在[[懷孕]]以及[[母乳餵養|哺乳]]使用的風險還未釐清,但對母親的益處還是必須納入考慮[1]。

Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.[3] It plays an important role in thefight-or-flight response戰鬥或逃跑反應) by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.[6][7]Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta receptors.[7] It is found in many animals and some one cell organisms.[8][9]

腎上腺素通常由[[腎上腺]]和特定[[神經]]分泌[3]。腎上腺素在[[戰鬥或逃跑反應]]中扮演了非常重要的角色,能增加到肌肉的血流量、心輸出量、[[瞳孔放大反應]]和[[血糖]][6][7]。主要是由於腎上腺素作用在α和β[[腎上腺素受體|接受器]]上[7]。腎上腺素在許多動物以及某些[[單細胞生物]]上也找得到[8][9]。

Jokichi Takamine(高峰讓吉) first isolated epinephrine in 1901.[10] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[11] It is available as a generic medication通用名藥物).[1] The wholesale cost is between 0.10 and 0.95 USD a vial.[12] An autoinjector as of 2015 costing about 100 USD and is available for use in anaphylaxis.[1]

[[高峰讓吉]]在1901年首次分離出腎上腺素[10]。此後,腎上腺素被列入[[世界衛生组織基本藥物標準清單]]之中,為基礎醫療中的必備藥物[11]。本藥物現在為[[通用名藥物]][1],一小罐的售價區間約為0.10至0.95美金之間[12]。而治療[[全身性過敏反應]]的{{le|腎上腺素自動注射器|autoinjector|自動注射器}}價錢在2015年則約為100元美金[1]。