英文引言：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_phenobarbital
中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%8B%AF%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%A5
（中文引言，請盡量參酌使用）
苯巴比妥（Phenobarbital），也稱為魯米那（Luminal），是一種巴比妥類的鎮靜劑及安眠藥。主要用於緩解焦慮和緊張症狀、治療失眠症及各種形式的癲癇等。由於苯巴比妥可以誘導新生兒在肝臟中合成Y蛋白，加強膽紅素的轉運，故臨床上應用苯巴比妥來治療新生兒的生理性黃疸。
苯巴比妥的常見副作用有思睡、頭暈、頭痛、夢魘、運動失調等。苯巴比妥與多種藥物同服時會產生相互作用，因而產生不良反應。例如：抗癲癇藥、抗凝血素（例如：華法令）、安眠藥、環孢素、抗抑鬱藥、肌肉鬆弛劑、抗組織胺藥、局部麻醉藥等。
Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.[3] In the developed world it is commonly used to treat seizures in young children,[4] while other medications are generally used in older children and adults.[5] It may be used intravenously, injected into a muscle, or taken by mouth.[1] The injectable form may be used to treat status epilepticus.[1]Phenobarbital is occasionally used to treat trouble sleeping, anxiety, drug withdrawal, and to help with surgery.[1] It usually begins working within five minutes when used intravenously and half an hour when administered orally.[1] Its effects last for between four hours and two days.[1][2]
’’’苯巴比妥’’’（{{lang|en|Phenobarbital}}或{{lang|en|Phenobarbitone}}），也稱為’’’魯米那’’’（{{lang|en|Luminal}}），是一種[[巴比妥]]類的[[鎮靜劑]]及[[安眠藥]]。該藥物是[[世界衛生組織]]對於[[開發中國家]]治療特定幾型[[癲癇]]的建議用藥[3]。已開發國家則通常專門用來治療[[新生兒]]癲癇發作[4]，成人及青少年則建議使用其他藥物[5]。苯巴比妥可透過靜脈注射、肌肉注射，或口服給藥[1]。通常[[癲癇重積狀態]]會以注射方式給藥，因為藥效作用較迅速[1]。苯巴比妥有時會被用於治療[[失眠症]]、[[焦慮症]]、[[藥物戒斷症]]，以及手術輔助用途[1]。靜脈注射給藥的藥效通常會在五分鐘內作用，口服則需半個小時[1]。藥效則通常會維持4小時至2天之久[1][2]。
Side effects include a decreased level of consciousness along with a decreased effort to breathe. There is concern about both abuse and withdrawal following long term use. It may also increase the risk of suicide.[1] It is pregnancy category B or D in the United States and category D in Australia, meaning that it may cause harm when taken by pregnant women.[1][6] If used during breastfeeding it may result in drowsiness in the baby.[7] A lower dose is recommended in those with poor liver or kidney function, as well as elderly people.[1] Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that works by increasing the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.[1]
副作用包括[[嗜睡]]與呼吸抑制。長期使用後往往會有[[濫用]]與[[戒斷]]的問題。甚至有增加[[自殺]]機率的可能。[1]苯巴比妥在美國的[[懷孕用藥等級]]是B或D，在澳洲則是等級D,指的是如果在懷孕期間服用可能會造成傷害。[1][6]如果在[[母乳哺育]]期間使用，可能導致嬰兒意識昏沉。[7]如果肝腎功能不佳的患者與年長患者，建議降低劑量。[1]苯巴比妥是一種[[巴比妥鹽]]，藉由增加抑制性[[神經傳導物質]][[氨酪酸]]而作用。
Phenobarbital was discovered in 1912 and is the oldest still commonly used anti-seizure medication.[8][9] It is a coremedicine in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the minimum medications needed for a basic health care system.[10] It is the least expensive anti-seizure medication at around $5 USD a year.[11] Access however may be difficult as some countries label it as a controlled drug.[11]
苯巴比妥在1912年發現，是仍在使用的{{le|抗驚厥劑|anti-seizure medication}}中歷史最久的[8][9]。苯巴比妥是[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]中的藥品，是基礎醫療必備的藥品之一[10]，其價格也是抗驚厥劑中最便宜的，一年約需要美金5元[11]。不過因為苯巴比妥在一些國家是[[管制用藥]]，因此在這些國家可能不容易取得[11]。