萬古黴素Vancomycin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_vancomycin

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萬古黴素(Vancomycin,INN)是一種糖肽類抗生素,用來預防和治療革蘭氏陽性菌所造成的感染。傳統上,萬古黴素被用作「最後一線藥物」,用來治療所有抗生素均無效的嚴重感染。但由於越來越多的抗萬古黴素耐藥性病菌的出現,其地位漸漸被利奈唑胺達托黴素所取代。

Vancomycin is an antibiotic(抗细菌药) used to treat a number of bacterial infections(病原细菌).[1] It is recommended intravenously(靜脈注射) as a first-line treatment for complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections(敗血症), endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis(脑膜炎) caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌).[2] Blood levels may be measured to determine the correct dose.[3] Vancomycin is also recommended by mouth as a treatment for severe Clostridium difficile colitis(偽膜性結腸炎). When taken by mouth it is very poorly absorbed.[1]

萬古黴素是一種用來治療許多bacterial infections(病原细菌)感染的[[antibiotics(抗生素)]][1],治療皮膚感染(skin infections)、bloodstream infections(敗血症)、endocarditis, 骨骼與關節感染以及因methicillin-resistant S. aureus(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)引起的meningitis(脑膜炎)時,通常建議採用intravenously(靜脈注射)作為第一線治療[2];而投藥時,劑量將依患者的血液濃度作調整。萬古黴素也是一種治療嚴重Clostridium difficile colitis(偽膜性結腸炎)的口服藥,然而口服時藥效將會大為降低。[1]

Common side effects include pain in the area of injection and allergic reactions(过敏). Occasionally problems with hearing, low blood pressure(低血壓), or bone marrow suppression(骨髓抑制) occur.[1] Safety in pregnancy is not clear but their is no evidence of harm.[1][4] Likely it is okay during breastfeeding(母乳餵養).[5] It is a type of the glycopeptide antibiotic and works by blocking the making of a cell wall(細胞壁).[1]

常見的副作用包含注射至局部時的疼痛、allergic reactions(过敏),有時候也可能引發聽力問題、low blood pressure(低血壓)或bone marrow suppression(骨髓抑制)等問題;對breastfeeding(母乳餵養)的患者似乎沒有問題,而對於懷孕患者的影響尚不明確,但目前沒有證據顯示會造成危害。[5]萬古黴素係為一種糖肽類抗生素,藉由阻斷cell wall(細胞壁)生成來發揮作用。

Vancomycin was first sold in 1954.[6] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines(世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单), the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale cost of an intravenous dose is about 1.70 to 6.00 USD.[8] In the United States the medication are very expensive.[1] The intravenous solution may be taken by mouth for C. dif to reduce costs.[9] Vancomycin is made by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis.[1]

萬古黴素於1954年上市[6],在最基本的健康照護系統(health system)中最必要的藥物清單[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]登錄有案[7],是一種常見藥物[3] ,一劑靜脈注射的批發價約在1.70-6美元左右[8];因為在美國靜脈注射劑型相當昂貴[1] ,靜脈注射的投藥方式可能會被取代[9]。萬古黴素目前由土壤細菌Amycolatopsis orientalis培養得來。