英文條目:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Gabapentin
中文條目:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%B4%E5%96%B7%E4%B8%81
2016-11-19整合完成
中文引言可參酌參考
加巴噴丁（英語：Gabapentin），是一種抗癲癇藥和鎮痛藥。加巴噴丁原作為治療癲癇而研發，現在也用來治療神經性疼痛和腿不寧症候群。[3]一般推薦其作為治療糖尿病神經病變、帶狀皰疹後神經痛和中樞神經性疼痛引起的神經性疼痛的一線用藥。[4]
加巴噴丁是抑制性神經遞質γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的結構類似物。
Gabapentin, marketed under the brand name Neurontin among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, hot flashes, and restless leg syndrome.[4][5] In epilepsy it may be used for those with partial seizures.[4]It is recommended as one of a number of first line medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, and central neuropathic pain.[6] For neuropathic pain about 14% of people have a meaningful benefit.[7]
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加巴噴丁常見的商品名為Neurotin，用於治療 [[癫痫]]、{{tsl|en|neuropathic pain|神經痛|神經痛}}、[[潮熱]]、以及[[睡眠腳動症]][4][5]。這種藥物一般用於治療 {{tsl|en|partial seizures||癲癇小發作}}，[4] 加巴噴丁也是治療 {{tsl|en|diabetic neuropathy|糖尿病神經炎|糖尿病神經炎}}、{{tsl|en|post-herpetic neuralgia|皰疹後的劇痛|皰疹後的劇痛}}、以及{{tsl|en|central neuropathic pain||central neuropathic pain}}等疾病的神經性病痛的首選[6]，約14%神經性病變疼痛的患者可獲得改善[7]。
Common side effects include sleepiness and dizziness. Serious side effects may include an increased risk of suicide, aggressive behaviour, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.[4] It is unclear if it is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[8] Lower doses should be used in people with kidney problems. Gabapentin affects the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but how it works is otherwise unclear.[4]
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副作用包含嗜睡和{{tsl|en|dizziness|暈眩|暈眩}}<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> -->。嚴重的副作用可能包含提高[[自殺]]風險、躁動行為以及{{tsl|en|drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms|嗜酸粒細胞增多以及全身性症狀|嗜酸粒細胞增多以及全身性症狀}}[4] 。對於[[妊娠]]或[[母乳餵養]]是否有危害尚不明確[8]。[[腎功能衰竭]]患者應使用較低劑量<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> -->。加巴噴丁會對抑制性的神經傳遞物[[Γ-氨基丁酸]] (GABA) 有所影響，但它的作用方式尚無定論[4]。
Gabapentin was first approved for use in 1993.[9] The wholesale price is about 1.35 USD per day.[10] In the United States it has been available as a generic medication since 2004.[4] As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is 100 to 200 USD.[11] During the 1990s Parke-Davis, a sub-company of Pfizer, used a number of techniques to encourage physicians in the United States to use gabapentin for unapproved uses.[12]
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加巴噴丁在1993年首次通過批准<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pitkänen|first1=Asla|last2=Schwartzkroin|first2=Philip A.|last3=Moshé|first3=Solomon L.|title=Models of Seizures and Epilepsy.|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier|location=Burlington|isbn=9780080457024|page=539|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Qw6KqLjwtZQC&pg=PA539}}</ref>。批價約在每日1.35美元<ref>{{cite web|title=Gabapentin|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=GAB400T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=400%20mg&desc=Gabapentin&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=05%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2805%2E%29Anticonvulsants%2Fantiepileptics%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref>。在美國，此藥從2004年開始已經可以[[通用名药物]]的方式取得<ref name=AHFS2015/>，2015年，在美國一個月的藥物成本在100到200美金間<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=327}}</ref>。1990年代，{{tsl|en|Parke-Davis|派德藥廠|派德藥廠}}（[[輝瑞]]的子公司之一）透過一系列的手法，鼓勵美國的醫生對加巴噴丁進行{{tsl|en|off-label use|非常規使用|非常規的使用}}<ref name="pmid16908923">{{cite journal| author=Henney JE| title = Safeguarding patient welfare: who’s in charge?| journal={{tsl|en|Annals of Internal Medicine||Annals of Internal Medicine}}| volume = 145| issue = 4| pages = 305–7| date=August 2006 | pmid = 16908923| url = http://www.annals.org/content/145/4/305.full.pdf| doi=10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00013}}</ref>。