Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Buruli
{{Medical}}
{{Infobox disease
| Name = Buruli ulcer
| Image = Buruli ulcer left ankle EID.jpg
| Caption = 來自迦納的患者，腳踝上有布如里氏潰瘍。
| DiseasesDB = 8568
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|31|1|a|30}} ([[ILDS]] A31.120)
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|031.1}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D009165
}}
Buruli ulcer (also known as the Bairnsdale ulcer, Searls ulcer, or Daintree ulcer[1][2][3]) is an infectious diseasecaused by Mycobacterium ulcerans.[4] The early stage of the infection is characterised by a painless nodule or area of swelling.[4] This nodule can turn into an ulcer.[4] The ulcer may be larger inside than at the surface of the skin,[5] and can be surrounded by swelling.[5] As the disease worsens, bone can be infected.[4] Buruli ulcers most commonly affect the arms or legs;[4] fever is uncommon.[4]
<!-- 定義與症狀 -->
"布如里氏潰瘍"（{{Lang-en|Buruli ulcer}}），又稱為班茲達潰瘍（{{Lang-en|Bairnsdale ulcer}}）、塞爾氏潰瘍（{{Lang-en|Searl’s ulcer}}）、丹特里潰瘍（{{Lang-en|Daintree ulcer}}）[1][2][3]，為一種由{{Link-en|潰瘍分枝桿菌|Mycobacterium ulcerans}}造成的[[傳染病|傳染性疾病]][4]。感染早期以無痛性{{Link-en|結節|nodule}}或局部水腫為特徵[4]。結節會發展成{{Link-en|潰瘍|ulcer}}[4]，而潰瘍內部可能比皮膚表面來的大[5]，且周圍會水腫[5]。當疾病惡化時，骨頭可能會受侵犯。布如里氏潰瘍通常在手臂及腿[4]，但發燒症狀並不常見[4]。
<!-- Cause -->
M. ulcerans releases a toxin known as mycolactone, which decreases immune system function and results in tissue death.[4] Bacteria from the same family also cause tuberculosis and leprosy (M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, respectively).[4] How the disease is spread is not known.[4] Sources of water may be involved in the spread.[5] As of 2013 there is no effective vaccine.[4][6]
<!-- 成因 -->
潰瘍分枝桿菌會釋放環內脂類毒素（mycolactone），可造成[[免疫抑制|免疫功能下降]]，並導致[[細胞凋亡|組織壞死]][4]。分枝桿菌科中的[[結核桿菌]]及[[麻风杆菌|痲瘋桿菌]]分別會造成[[結核|結核病]]及[[痲瘋]][4]。布如里氏潰瘍如何傳播仍未知，而水源可能為傳染途徑[5]。截至2013年為止尚無有效疫苗[4][6]。
<!-- Treatment -->
If people are treated early, antibiotics for eight weeks are effective in 80%.[4] The treatment often includes the medications rifampicin and streptomycin.[4] Clarithromycin or moxifloxacin are sometimes used instead of streptomycin.[4] Other treatments may include cutting out the ulcer.[4][7] After the infection heals, the area typically has a scar.[6]
<!-- 治療 -->
若早期治療，連續8周抗生素的療程約可達約80%的成果[4]，而通常包含{{Link-en|rifampin}}和{{Link-en|streptomycin}}[4]（{{Link-en|Clarithromycin}}或{{Link-en|moxifloxacin}}有時可取代{{Link-en|streptomycin}}[4]）；其他治療方法則為切除潰瘍病灶處[4][7]。感染癒合後，病灶處通常有疤痕[6]。
<!-- Epidemiology -->
Buruli ulcers occurs most commonly in rural sub-Saharan Africa especially Cote d’Ivoire, but can also occur in Asia, the Western Pacific and the Americas.[4] Cases have occurred in more than 32 countries.[5] About five to six thousand cases occur every year.[4] The disease also occurs in a number of animals other than humans.[4] Albert Ruskin Cook was the first to describe buruli ulcers in 1897.[5]
<!-- 預後、流行病學與歷史-->
布如里氏潰瘍最常發生在[[撒哈拉以南非洲]]的農村，尤其是[[象牙海岸]]，但在亞洲、西太平洋地區以及美洲也可能發生[4]。全世界超過32個國家曾有此疾病的報告[5]。每年約5000至6000的案例數發生[4]，另外也可能發生在其他種類的動物身上[4]。{{Link-en|Albert Ruskin Cook}}於1897年首次描述此疾病[5]。