Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic(抗细菌药)useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial(细菌) infections.[2] This includes meningitis(脑膜炎), plague, cholera(霍亂), and typhoid fever(伤寒). It use is only recommended when safer antibiotics cannot be used. Monitoring both blood levels of the medication and blood cell levels every two days is recommended during treatment.[2] It is available intravenously, by mouth, and as an eye ointment.[3][1]
’’’氯黴素’’’（{{lang|en|Chloramphenicol}}）是一種[[抗生素]]，可用於治療許多細菌感染症狀[2]，包括[[腦膜炎]]、[[瘟疫]]、[[霍亂]]和[[傷寒]]等。只有在不能使用其他較安全的抗生素時，才會建議用氯黴素。治療期間，建議每兩天監控血藥濃度和血球數量[2]。氯黴素可以經由靜脈注射、口服和眼睛藥膏的方式使用[3][1]。
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression(骨髓抑制), nausea, and diarrhea. The bone marrow suppression may result in death. The reduce the risk of side effects treatment duration should be as short as possible. In those with liver or kidney problems dosing may require decreasing. In young children a condition known as gray baby syndrome(灰嬰症候群) may occur which results in a swollen stomach and low blood pressure.[2] It use near the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is typically not recommended.[4] Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that typically stops bacterial growth by stopping the making or protein.[2]
氯黴素常見的副作用有[[骨髓抑制]]、噁心和腹瀉，其中骨髓抑制有可能造成死亡；為減少副作用發生的風險，治療時間應儘量縮短。對肝臟或腎臟功能不全患者，應降低使用劑量。幼年的兒童用藥時可能會發生[[灰嬰症候群]]，導致胃腫大以及低血壓[2]。通常不建議孕產婦在懷孕末期和哺乳期使用氯黴素。氯霉素是一種[[廣譜抗生素]]，可藉由阻礙蛋白質的合成以[[抑制細菌的生長]][2]。
Chloramphenical was discovered in 1947.[5] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines(世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单), the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[2] In many areas of the world an intravenous dose is about 0.40 to 1.90 USD.[7] In the United States it is very expensive.[8] Global issues with bacterial resistance(抗生素抗藥性) maintains interest in its use.[9]
氯黴素發現於1947年。它被列入[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]，是基層[[衛生系統]]中最重要的藥物之一[6]。氯黴素為一種學名藥。[2]。全球多處地區氯霉素的靜脈注射價格大約一劑0.40至1.90美元[7]。在美國，氯黴素非常昂貴[8]。全球[[抗生素抗藥性]]問題使得氯黴素仍被考慮使用。[9]