普通感冒Common cold

把原始碼貼進 zhwp.org/WP:SB 之後用 zhwp.org/User:Artoria2e5/link-ts.js 自動翻譯了一下對應連結。

Common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease(感染) of the upper respiratory tract(呼吸道) that primarily affects the nose.^[2][3]Signs and symptoms may begin less than two days following exposure.^[2]They include coughing(咳嗽), sore throat(咽喉痛), runny nose, sneezing(噴嚏), headache, and fever(发热).^[4][5] People usually recover in seven to ten days.^[4] Some symptoms may last up to three weeks.^[6] In those with other health problems pneumonia(肺炎) may occasionally develop.^[4]

整合的時候不要忘記 Infobox ㄛ
試著直接做原始碼翻譯，ref 用旁註寫出的話應該也還好剪下貼上什麼的
所以接下來這段真正的旁註我就用  寫吧

’’’普通感冒’’’，經常直接叫做’’’感冒’’’，是一種主要影響鼻子的[[呼吸道]][[感染]]。<ref name=CMAJ2014/><ref name=CE11>{{cite journal | author = Arroll B | title = Common cold | journal = Clinical evidence | volume = 2011 | issue = 3 | page = 1510 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21406124 | doi = | pmc = 3275147 }} {{open access}}</ref>

一般於接觸後兩天會出現 <ref name=CMAJ2014>{{cite journal|last1=Allan|first1=GM|last2=Arroll|first2=B|title=Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association |date=18 February 2014|volume=186|issue=3|pages=190-9|pmid=24468694}}</ref>[[咳嗽]]、[[咽喉痛]]、{{tsl|en|rhinorrhea|鼻涕}}、[[噴嚏]]、頭疼、[[發熱]]等病徵。 <ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=Eccles2005>{{cite journal | author = Eccles R | title = Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza | journal = Lancet Infect Dis | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 718–25 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16253889 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X }}</ref>患者一般於七至十天內恢復，<ref name=CDC2015/>但部分病徵可持續長達幾周。<ref name=Heik2003>{{cite journal | author = Heikkinen T, Järvinen A | title = The common cold | journal = Lancet | volume = 361 | issue = 9351 | pages = 51–9 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12517470 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 }}</ref>有其他健康問題者患感冒時或會併發[[肺炎]]。 <ref name=CDC2015/>

Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold; the rhinoviruses(鼻病毒) are the most common.^[7] They spread through the air, by close contact, and by being picking up the virus from the environment and transferred to the mouth or nose.^[4] Risk factors include going to daycare and not sleeping well.^[2] Symptoms are mostly due to the body’s immune(免疫) response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.^[8] People with influenza(流行性感冒) are usually more sick.^[2]

pick up 句似不通順，現按目前完整版本之「They spread through the air during close contact with infected people and indirectly through contact with objects in the environment followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.」翻譯

普通感冒可由200多種病毒毒株引起，其中[[鼻病毒]]是最常見的一類。 <ref name=CDC2015Full>{{cite web|title=Common Cold and Runny Nose|url=http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/colds.html|website=CDC|accessdate=4 February 2016|format=April 17, 2015}}</ref>

這類病毒可以通過空氣在與受感染者親密接觸時傳染，也可能透過接觸受汙染的物體後進入口鼻染病。

<ref name=CDC2015/>

危險因子有前往{{tsl|en|daycare|托兒所}} 、睡眠不良、心理压力等。

<ref name=CMAJ2014/>

感冒病徵多由身體[[免疫]]反應導致，和病毒本身則關係不大。

<ref name=E112>Eccles p. 112</ref>

患[[流行性感冒]]者雖然症狀與患感冒者類似，但相比來說一般更重；並且流感相對較少造成鼻涕。

<ref name=CMAJ2014/>
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There is no vaccine. The primary method of prevention is hand washing, not touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands, and staying away from sick people.^[4] Some evidence supports the use of face masks.^[9] No cure for the common cold exists, but the symptoms can be treated.^[4]Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(非甾体抗炎药) (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen(布洛芬) may help with pain.^[10] Antibiotics(抗细菌药) should not be used.^[11] Evidence does not support a benefit from cough medicines(止咳藥).^[2]

沒有適用於普通感冒的疫苗。感冒主要通過{{tsl|en|hand washing|洗手}}，不用髒手觸碰眼、鼻、口，遠離患者預防。

<ref name=CDC2015/>

有一些證據支持使用口罩。

<ref name=E209>Eccles p. 209</ref>

普通感冒雖無解藥，但可使用藥物控制病徵。

<ref name=CDC2015/>

[[布洛芬]]等[[非甾体抗炎药]]可緩解疼痛；

<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=SY|last2=Chang|first2=YJ|last3=Cho|first3=HM|last4=Hwang|first4=YW|last5=Moon|first5=YS|title=Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=21 September 2015|volume=9|pages=CD006362|pmid=26387658}}</ref>

不應使用[[抗生素]]；

<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Harris|first1=AM|last2=Hicks|first2=LA|last3=Qaseem|first3=A|last4=High Value Care Task Force of the American College of Physicians and for the Centers for Disease Control and|first4=Prevention|title=Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.|journal=Annals of internal medicine|date=19 January 2016|pmid=26785402}}</ref>

現有證據不能證明[[止咳藥]]有益。[rough-translation]

<ref name=CMAJ2014/>

The common cold is the most frequent disease in humans.^[12] The average adult getting two to four colds a year while the average child may get six to eight.^[13] They occur more commonly during the winter.^[4] These infections have been with humanity since ancient times.^[14]

普通感冒是人類最常患的疾病。

<ref name="E1">Eccles p. 1</ref>

成人平均每年會患二到四次感冒，小兒則可達六到八次。

<ref name="AFP07">{{cite journal | author = Simasek M, Blandino DA | title = Treatment of the common cold | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17323712 | doi = | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html}} {{open access}}</ref>

普通感冒在冬季最為常見。

<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=Common Colds: Protect Yourself and Others|url=http://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinoviruses/|website=CDC|accessdate=4 February 2016|date=October 6, 2015}}</ref>

感冒歷史悠久，遠古時期就有人患感冒了。[rough-translation]

<ref name="Eccles p. 3">{{cite book|first1=Ronald|last1= Eccles|first2= Olaf|last2= Weber|title=Common cold|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRIdiGE42IEC&pg=PA3| publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1|page=3}}</ref>