英文引言https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_overactive_bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB), also known asoveractive bladder syndrome, is a condition where there is a frequent feeling of needing to pee to a degree that it negatively affects a person’s life.[1] The frequent need to pee may occur during the day, at night, or both.[2] If there is loss of bladder control than it is known as urge incontinence.[3] More than 40% of people with overactive bladder have incontinence.[4] While about 40% to 70% ofincontinence is due to overactive bladder.[5] It is not life-threatening. Most people with the condition have problems for years.[3]
過動性膀胱，又稱為膀胱過動症，經常會有急切的想去[[排尿]]的症狀，且會對個人的生活品質造成負面影響[1]。這種經常需要排尿的症狀可能發生在白天，造成[[頻尿症]]；若發生在夜晚，則造成[[夜尿症]]或日夜皆有想要排尿的症狀[2]。如果有膀胱[[失禁]]的現象，則為[[尿失禁]][3]。有超過40%的膀胱過動症患者伴隨著失禁的現象[4]。並有40%到70%的尿失禁的患者是因為膀胱過動所造成[5]。此症狀並不威脅生命安全，大多數患者長年都受此困擾[3]。
The cause of overactive bladder is unknown.[3] Risk factors include obesity, caffeine, andconstipation.[4] Poorly controlled diabetes, poor mobility, and chronic pelvic pain may worsen the symptoms. People often have the symptoms for a long time before seeking treatment and the condition is sometimes identified by caregivers.[3] Diagnosis is based on a person’s signs and symptoms and requires other problems such as urinary tract infectionsor neurological conditions to be excluded.[3][1] The amount of urine passed during each urinate is relatively small. Pain while urinating suggests that there is a problem other than overactive bladder.[3]
造成膀胱過動症的原因至今仍未明確[3]。危險因子包含肥胖、咖啡因及[[便祕]][4]。未良好控制[[糖尿病]]的患者、行動不便者(poor mobility)及慢性骨盆腔疼痛([[chronic pelvic pain]])可能會使症狀加重。患者往往在有症狀一段時間後才尋求治療，而且常常是由照顧者發現此症狀[3]。診斷一般是靠病人的症狀及體徵進行，而且要排除[[泌尿道感染]]及神經疾病等因素[3][1]。每次排尿時的尿量相對不多，若排尿時疼痛，可能除了膀胱過動症外，還有其他相關的疾病[3]。
Specific treatment is not always required.[3] If treatment is desired pelvic floor exercises,bladder training, and other behavioral methods are initially recommended.[6] Weight loss in those who are overweight, decreasing caffeine consumption, and drinking moderate fluids, can also have benefits. Medications, typically of the anti-muscarinic type, are only recommended if other measures are not effective. They are no more effective than behavioral methods; however, are associated with side effects, particularly in older people.[6][7] Injections of botulinum toxin into the bladder is another option. Urinary catheters or surgery are generally not recommended. A diary to track problems can help determine whether treatments are working.[6]
通常膀胱過動症不一定總是需要特定的處置[3]，但若是需要治療，[[凱格爾運動]]、[[膀胱訓練]]、以及其他行為治療會是最初比較被推薦的。[6]如體重[[超重]]的患者[[減重]]、減少[[咖啡因]]的攝取、和適量地飲用液體等，都是能對病情有所助益的方法。只有在其他途徑都無效時，才會建議使用藥物（通常是[[抗膽鹼藥物]]）。不過用藥不一定比由行為改善的方式來得更加有效，甚至對老年人而言，用藥較容易造成副作用。[6][7]而將肉毒桿菌注射到膀胱內，會是治療的另一種選擇；不過一般並不推薦放置[[導尿管]]或進行[[手術]。最後，以日記的模式追蹤，將可以幫助判斷採取的治療對患者是否有效。[6]
Overactive bladder is estimated to occur in 7-27% of men and 9-43% of women. It becomes more common with age. Some studies suggest that the condition is more common in women, especially when associated with loss of bladder control.[3] Economic costs of overactive bladder were estimated in the United States at 12.6 billion USD and 4.2 billion Euro in 2000.[8]
估計約有7-27%的男性與9-34%的女性患有膀胱過動症，而隨著年齡增長，罹患膀胱過動症的人數也逐漸增加。部分研究顯示膀胱過動症好發於女性，尤其是尿失禁的患者[3]。在美國，2000年時花費在膀胱過動症的經濟成本估計約有126億美金及42億歐元[8]。