腺鼠疫bubonic plague

From Chris:請各位譯者,翻譯時請先在原文段落下複製一段原文,再用譯文逐行取代原文的方式翻譯,以保留參考文獻連結,感謝各位。

英文引言:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_bubonic_plague

中文條目:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E9%BC%A0%E7%96%AB

中文版目前引言如下:

腺鼠疫,又稱鼠疫淋巴腺鼠疫,一般俗稱為黑死病,是一種存在於囓齒類跳蚤的一種人畜共通傳染病。鼠疫是由鼠疫桿菌Yeresinia pestis)所致的傳染病。鼠疫通常先在鼠類或其他嚙齒類動物中流行,然後再通過鼠、跳蚤叮咬傳給人;當發展成肺炎性鼠疫時,亦可以在人同人之間傳播。

<!-- Definition and symptoms -->

Bubonic plague is one of three types of bacterial infection(病原细菌) caused by Yersinia pestis(鼠疫桿菌).[1] Three to seven days after exposure to the bacteria flu like symptoms develop. This includes fever(发热), headaches(頭痛), and vomiting.[1]Swollen and painful lymph nodes(淋巴結) occur in the area closest to the where the bacteria entered the skin.[2] Occasionally the swollen lymph nodes may break open.[1]

’’’腺鼠疫’’’,又稱’’’淋巴腺鼠疫’’’,是三種由[[鼠疫桿菌]]造成的[[病原細菌|感染]]之一。接觸此菌3至7天後會出現{{tsl|en|Influenza-like_illness|類流感症狀|類似於流感的症狀}},包括[[發熱]]、[[頭痛]]、嘔吐。[1]細菌侵入皮膚處周圍的[[淋巴結]]腫大疼痛,有時甚至會爆開。[1]

<!-- Cause and diagnosis-->

There are three types of plague: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague is mainly spread by infected fleas(跳蚤) from small animalss(动物).[1] It may also result from exposure to the body fluids from a dead plague infected animal.[3] In bubonic plague the bacteria enters through the skin and travels by the lymphatics(淋巴管) to a lymph node(淋巴結) resulting in it swelling. Diagnosis is by finding the bacteria in fluid from an affect lymph node or in the blood.[1]

鼠疫有三種,分別是腺鼠疫、{{tsl|en|septicemic plague|血鼠疫}}與{{tsl|en|pneumonic plague|肺鼠疫}}。腺鼠疫一般通過[[跳蚤]]經過小[[動物]]傳播,[1]也可以通過接觸受感染的動物體液傳播。[3]感染腺鼠疫時,細菌通過皮膚進入身體,經由[[淋巴管內]]到達[[淋巴結]],導致其腫大。如果在腫大的淋巴結或血液中找到鼠疫桿菌,則認為已受感染。[1]

<!-- Treatment and epidemiology -->

Prevention is through public health measures such as not handling dead animals in areas where plague is common. Vaccines(疫苗) have not been found to be very useful for plague prevention.[1] Several antibiotics(抗细菌药) are effective for treatment including streptomycin(鏈黴素), gentamicin(庆大霉素), or doxycycline(多西环素).[4][5] Without treatment it results in the death of 30% to 90% of those infected.[1][4] With treatment the risk of death is around 10%.[4] Globally in 2013 there was about 750 documented cases which resulted in 126 deaths.[1] The disease is most common in Africa.[1]

預防鼠疫一般通過公共健保方式完成,例如避免在流行地區處理動物屍體。[[疫苗]]對於鼠疫的防治作用不大。[1][[鏈黴素]]、[[慶大黴素]]、[[多西环素]]等多种[[抗生素]]都可有效治療腺鼠疫。[4][5]感染後未治疗者的死亡率约為三到久成,[1][4]若受治療則約為一成。[4]2013年,全球共有750例腺鼠疫記錄在案,由此造成126例死亡。[1]此病最常見於非洲。[1]

<!-- History, society and culture -->

Plague is believed to be the cause of the Black Death(黑死病) that swept through Asia, Europe, and Africa in the 14th century and killed an estimated 50 million people.[1] This was about 25% to 60% of the European population.[1][6] Because the plague killed so many of the working population, wages rose due to the demand for labor. Some historians see this as a turning point in European economic development.[6] The term bubonic plague is derived from the Greek word βουβών, meaning "groin".[7]

一般認為鼠疫是十四世紀[[黑死病]]瘟疫的原因。此次瘟疫{{tsl|en|Black_Death_migration|黑死病的傳播|橫掃歐亞非三大洲}},大約造成5000萬人死亡,[1]相當於當時歐洲人口的25%—60%。[1][6]此次瘟疫導致人口大量下降,於是勞動力不足、工資上升。一些歷史學家將此次瘟疫視為歐洲經濟發展的一個轉折點。[6]腺鼠疫的英文{{lang|en|bubonic plague}}源自希臘語中的[[wikt:βουβών|βουβών]](腹股溝)。

回工作頁