英文連結:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_vaccine
中文連結:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E7%8A%AC%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97
中文引言(可參酌採用
狂犬病疫苗，是一種用來控制狂犬病的疫苗。狂犬病可用疫苗加於防範，而且對人類和其他動物都是有效的。比較特殊的是，狂犬病疫苗可在遭受病毒感染後施打。然而針對動物而言，目前比較普遍的狂犬病預防措施是在未受感染前即施打疫苗以獲得免疫。現在很多國家和地區都有要求寵物主人為寵物接種狂犬病疫苗的強制規定。
Rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies.[1] There are a number of vaccines available that are both safe and effective. They can be used to prevent rabies before and for a period of time after exposure to the virus such as by a dog or bat bite. The immunity that develops is long lasting after three doses. Doses are usually given by injection into the skin or muscle. After exposure vaccination is typically used along with rabies immunoglobulin. It is recommended that those who are at high risk of exposure be vaccinated before potential exposure. Vaccines are effective in humans and other animals. Vaccinating dogs is very effective in preventing the spread of rabies to humans.[1]
’’’狂犬病疫苗’’’，是用來預防[[狂犬病]]的[[疫苗]]<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite journal|title=Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper|journal=Weekly epidemiological record|date=Aug 6, 2010|volume=32|issue=85|pages=309–320|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8532.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> 。目前已有很多有效且安全的疫苗。在暴露於病毒下（例如被狗或蝙蝠咬）之前或之後一段時間都可以施打狂犬病疫苗。在接種三劑後可以有長期的免疫力，一般注射方式是皮膚注射或是肌肉注射。若已暴露在病毒中，除了施打疫苗，還會施打狂犬病抗體。疫苗對人及其他動物都相當有效。狗類接種狂犬病疫苗有助於避免狂犬病散播到人類[1]，現在很多國家和地區都有要求寵物主人為寵物接種狂犬病疫苗的強制規定<ref name=WHO2010/>。
Rabies vaccines may be safely used in all age groups. About 35 to 45 percent of people develop a brief period of redness and pain at the injection site. About 5 to 15 percent of people may have fever, headaches, or nausea. After exposure to rabies there is no contraindication to its use. Most vaccines do not contain thimerosal. Vaccines made from nerve tissue are used in a few countries, mainly in Asia and Latin America, but are less effective and have greater side effects. Their use is thus not recommended by the World Health Organization.[1]
狂犬病疫苗對於各個年齡層在施打上都是安全無虞的。大約有35-45%的民眾在接踵後會有短暫的紅腫以及在施打部位會有疼痛感，約5-15%的人有[[發燒]]、[[頭痛]]或[[暈眩]]的症狀。曾接觸或暴露在狂犬病病毒環境中的患者也沒有接種的疑慮，大多數的疫苗裡都沒有[[硫柳汞]]的成份。用神經組織所製造的狂犬病疫苗只在少數國家中使用，多在亞洲與拉丁美洲，但此種疫苗有較多的副作用，在有效性上也不比一般疫苗。因此，[[世界衛生組織]]不鼓勵此類疫苗的廣泛使用<ref name=WHO2010/>。
The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885, which was followed by an improved version in 1908.[2] Millions of people globally have been vaccinated and it is estimated that this saves more than 250,000 people a year.[1] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication recommended for a basic health system.[3] The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 44 and 78 USD for a course of treatment as of 2014.[4] In the United States a course of rabies vaccine is more than 750 USD.[5]
第一批的狂犬病疫苗在1885年問世，並在隨後的1908年有了改良版本的狂犬病疫苗<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nunnally|first1=Brian|title=Vaccine Analysis: Strategies, Principles, and Control|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783662450246|page=63|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=vJKeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA63}}</ref>。全球數以百萬的人被施打疫苗，預估每年因此而拯救了250,000個人<ref name=WHO2010/>。狂犬病疫苗被列入[[世界衛生組織規範的基本藥物清單]]，是維持基本[[醫療系統]]最重要的用藥建議<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> 。在[[開發中國家]]，施打狂犬病疫苗的療程在2014年時，大約花費44至78美金<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine, Rabies|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=RAB000X&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=&desc=Vaccine%2C%20Rabies&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=19%2E3%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2819%2E3%2E%29Vaccines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=6 December 2015}}</ref>，而在美國施打狂犬病疫苗則需花費超過750美金<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shlim|first1=David|title=Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/perspectives-intradermal-rabies-preexposure-immunization|accessdate=6 December 2015|date=June 30, 2015}}</ref>。
2016/8/15 整合到維基百科上