鋰 (藥物) / Lithum (medication)

• ’’’Lithium compounds’’’, also known as ’’’lithium salts’’’ are primarily used as a [[精神病学|psychiatric]] medication. This includes in the treatment of [[重性抑郁障碍]] that does not improve following other [[抗抑郁药]] and [[躁鬱症]].<ref name=AHFS2015>……</ref> In these disorders it reduces the risk of [[自殺]].<ref>{{cite journal |pages=625–39 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00344.x |……}</ref> Lithium is taken by mouth.<ref name=AHFS2015/>

’’’鋰化合物’’’，或稱’’’鋰鹽’’’，作為一種[[精神病学|精神病]]藥物，用於口服治療[[躁鬱症]]與其他[[抗憂鬱藥]]治療無效的[[重性抑郁障碍]]。

• <ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015}}</ref>

鋰能夠降低這些疾病患者的[[自殺]]風險。

•  <ref>{{cite journal |pages=625–39 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00344.x |title=Decreased risk of suicides and attempts during long-term lithium treatment: A meta-analytic review |year=2006 |last1=Baldessarini |first1=Ross J |last2=Tondo |first2=Leonardo |last3=Davis |first3=Paula |last4=Pompili |first4=Maurizio |last5=Goodwin |first5=Frederick K |last6=Hennen |first6=John |journal=Bipolar Disorders |volume=8 |issue=5p2 |pmid=17042835}}</ref> 

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• Common side effects include [[多尿症|increased urination]], shakiness of the hands, and increased thirst. Serious side effects include [[甲狀腺機能低下症]], [[尿崩症]], and [[#過量|鋰中毒]]. Blood level monitoring is recommended to decrease the risk of potential toxicity. If levels become too high diarrhea, vomiting, poor coordination, sleepiness, and [[耳鸣|ringing in the ears]] may occur. Lithium may cause problems in the baby if used during [[妊娠]]. It appears to be okay during [[母乳餵養]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding|url=http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|publisher=LactMed|accessdate=1 December 2015|date=20150310}}</ref> Lithium salts are classified as {{tsl|en|mood stabilizer||}}s. How they works is not specifically known.<ref name=AHFS2015/> 

鋰化合物的常見副作用有[[多尿症|多尿]]、手抖、口乾等。嚴重者有[[甲狀腺機能低下症]]、[[尿崩症]]與[[#過量|鋰中毒]]。因此建議監測血中濃度，降低中毒風險。如果血液中鋰濃度過高，可能出現腹瀉、嘔吐、協調不良、嗜睡、[[耳鸣]]。[[妊娠|孕婦]]使用鋰化合物可能造成胎兒發育問題。[[母乳餵養|哺乳期]]婦女服用則似無問題。

•  <ref>{{cite web|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding|url=http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|publisher=LactMed|accessdate=1 December 2015|date=20150310}}</ref> 

鋰化合物屬一種{{tsl|en|mood stabilizer|情緒穩定劑}}。尚不明確這類藥物的作用機理。

•  <ref name=AHFS2015/> 

• In the 1800s lithium was used in people who had gout, [[癫痫]], and cancer. It use in mental illness began in 1948 by {{tsl|en|John Cade||}} in Australia.<ref name=Sne2005>{{cite book|last1=Sneader|first1=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=9780471899792|page=63|edition=Rev. and updated ed.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63}}</ref> It is on the [[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]], the most important medication needed in a basic {{tsl|en|health system||}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|format=PDF|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> It is available as a [[通用名药物]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> The wholesale cost in 2014 was between 0.12 to 0.20 USD per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithium Carbonate|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=LIT300T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=300%20mg&desc=Lithium%20Carbonate&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=24%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2824%2E%29Medicines%20for%20mental%20and%20behavioral%20disorders%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref> In the United States at usual doses it costs about 0.90 to 1.20 USD per day.<ref name=AHFS2015/>

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在1800年代鋰鹽曾被用於治療[[痛風]]、[[癫痫]]、和癌症。1948年，澳洲醫師{{tsl|en|John Cade||}}開始將鋰鹽使用於精神性疾病。<ref name=Sne2005>{{cite book|last1=Sneader|first1=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=9780471899792|page=63|edition=Rev. and updated ed.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63}}</ref> 鋰鹽也是被列入[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]的基本藥物{{tsl|en|health system||}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|format=PDF|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref>是相當常見的[[通用名药物]].<ref name=AHFS2015/>2014年的批發價大約是每日0.12 到 0.20 美金.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithium Carbonate|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=LIT300T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=300%20mg&desc=Lithium%20Carbonate&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=24%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2824%2E%29Medicines%20for%20mental%20and%20behavioral%20disorders%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref> 在美國，每日藥價大約花費 0.90 到 1.20 美金。<ref name=AHFS2015/在1800年代……

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