英文條目：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles
中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9
（原中文引言，歡迎參酌引用）
麻疹（拉丁語：Morbilli；德語：Masern；英語：Measles 或 Rubeola），是兒童常見的急性病毒傳染病。第一個解釋這個疾病，並將它與天花作出區隔的科學家是一名波斯醫生穆罕默德·伊本·扎卡里亞·拉齊（波斯語：محمد زکریای رازی，拉丁轉寫：Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi，860年-932年）。1954年，引起麻疹的痲疹病毒（Measles virus）首次被分離出來，麻疹疫苗於1963年起正式使用。 世界衛生組織（WHO）估計，全球每年仍有麻疹病例約4000萬，其中100萬兒童死於麻疹及其併發症,在疫苗可預防的病毒性疾病中死亡例數最多。
痲疹病毒屬於副黏液病毒科（Paramyxouirus morbili），型態為球狀，直徑140～250nm，單股RNA，無分節，外層有包膜，上有血液凝集素（HA）和溶血素（HL），共六種結構蛋白，僅一種血清型。[1]
Measles, also known as morbilli, rubeola, or red measles, is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus.[1][2] Initial signs and symptoms typically includefever(发热), often greater than 40 °C (104.0 °F), cough, runny nose(鼻炎), and red eyes(结膜炎).[1][3] Two or three days after the start of symptoms, small white spots may form inside the mouth, known as Koplik’s spots. A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms.[3] Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days.[4][5] Complications occur in about 30% and may includediarrhea(腹瀉), blindness(視力障礙), inflammation of the brain(脑炎), and pneumonia(肺炎)among others.[4][6] Rubella(風疹) (German measles) and roseola(小儿急疹) are different diseases.[7]
麻疹（拉丁語：Morbilli；德語：Masern；英語：Measles 或 Rubeola），是兒童常見的[[急性病毒傳染病]]，是由{{le|麻疹病毒|measles virus}}引起[1][2]。初期的症狀包括發燒超過40 °C、咳嗽、[[鼻炎]]及[[结膜炎]][1][3]。症狀發生後兩天，口中可能出現白點，稱為{{le|柯氏斑點|Koplik’s spots}}。多半在有症狀後五天就會開始出現紅色平坦的疹子，一開始常出現在臉部，再擴散到身體的其他部位[3]。在接觸麻疹者後約十到十二天會有麻疹症狀，會持續七至十天[4][5]。病患中有三成會有併發症，像是[[腹瀉]]，[[視力障礙]]，[[腦炎]]及[[肺炎]]等疾病[4][6]。麻疹和[[風疹]]（德國麻疹）及[[小兒急疹]]是不同的疾病[7]。
Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs(咳嗽) andsneezes(噴嚏) of those infected. It may also be spread through contact with saliva or nasal secretions.[4] Nine out of ten people who are not immune and share living space with an infected person will catch it. People are infectious to others from four days before to four days after the start of the rash.[6] People usually do not get the disease more than once.[4]Testing for the virus in suspected cases is important for public health efforts.[6
麻疹是[[空氣傳播疾病]]的一種，所以可輕易藉由已感染者的[[咳嗽]]和[[打噴嚏]]而傳染給他人，也可藉著唾液或鼻腔分泌物傳播[4]。有九成的人在沒有免疫能力的情況下，和麻疹患者共處一室的話，會有極高機率得病，病患在出現紅疹的前後四天都具有傳染力[6]。人們通常一生中只會得一次麻疹[4]。對於疑似病例進行相關檢測是公共衛生防疫上的重要措施[6]。
The measles vaccine(麻疹疫苗) is effective at preventing the disease. Vaccination(疫苗接種) has resulted in a 75% decrease in deaths from measles between 2000 and 2013 with about 85% of children globally being currently vaccinated. No specific treatment is available. Supportive care may improve outcomes.[4] This may include giving oral rehydration solution(slightly sweet and salty fluids), healthy food, and medications to control the fever.[4][5] Antibiotics(抗细菌药) may be used if a secondary bacterial infection such as pneumonia occurs. Vitamin A(維生素A) supplementation is also recommended in the developing world.[4]
[[麻疹疫苗]]對於預防感染麻疹非常有效，在2000年到2013年全球約有85%的孩童接受[[疫苗接種]]，這項政策也使得因麻疹而死亡的人數銳減75%。目前沒有特殊療法可治癒麻疹，支持性療法或可提昇治療效果[4] ，包括補充電解質的{{le|口服補液療法|Oral rehydration therapy}}、健康的食物以及可以抑制發燒的藥物[4][5]。若有其他的細菌感染（例如肺炎），可以使用[[抗细菌药]]。在開發中國家會建議補充[[維生素A]][4]。
Measles affects about 20 million people a year,[1] primarily in the developing areas of Africa and Asia.[4] It causes the most vaccine-preventable deaths of any disease.[8] It resulted in about 96,000 deaths in 2013, down from 545,000 deaths in 1990.[9] In 1980, the disease is estimated to have caused 2.6 million deaths per year.[4] Before immunization in the United States between three and four million cases occurred each year.[6] Most of those who are infected and who die are less than five years old.[4] The risk of death among those infected is usually 0.2%,[6] but may be up to 10% in those who havemalnutrition(營養不良).[4] It is not believed to affect other animals.[4]
麻疹每年影響約2千萬人[1]，主要在非洲和亞洲的開發中地區[4]。它造成疫苗可預防疾病中最高的死亡數[8]。它在2013年從1990年的54萬5千例死亡下降到導致約9萬6千人死亡[9]。1980年時估計每年約有260萬人死於麻疹[4]。在美國的免疫接種之前每年有3到4百萬個病例發生[6]。大多數受感染以及死亡者皆小於五歲[4]。受感染者的死亡率大約0.2%[6]，在[[營養不良]]者更是可能高達10%[4]。一般認為麻疹不會影響其他動物[4]。