Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the skin. It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Signs and symptoms include an area of redness which increases in size over a couple of days. The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. While the redness often turns white when pressure is applied this is not always the case. The area of infection is usually painful.[1] Lymphatic vessels may occasionally be involved[1][2] and the person may have a fever and fell tiered.[3]
’’’蜂窩組織炎’’’（{{lang-en|cellulitis}}）是牽涉到[[皮膚]]的[[病原菌|細菌感染]]。該疾病尤其會影響到[[真皮]]與{{link-en|皮下組織|Subcutaneous tissue}}。其症狀為皮膚發紅，會在數天內逐漸擴大範圍。發紅範圍的邊緣一般而言不明顯，而且可能會腫大。當施加壓力於發紅部位時，該部位會變白，但並不是每個病例會如此。感染範圍通常伴隨疼痛<ref name=Vary2014/>。{{link-en|淋巴管|Lymphatic vessel}}偶爾可能會被影響<ref name=Vary2014/><ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)) |publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies |location=New York |year=2010 |pages=1016 |edition=7 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref>，並引起發燒與疲倦<ref name=Mint2013>{{cite journal|last=Mistry|first=RD|title=Skin and soft tissue infections.|journal=Pediatric clinics of North America|date=Oct 2013|volume=60|issue=5|pages=1063–82|pmid=24093896|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2013.06.011}}</ref>。
The legs and face are the most common site involved, though cellulitis can occur on any part of the body. The leg is typically affected following a break in the skin. Other risk factors include obesity, leg swelling, and old age. For face infections a break in the skin before hand is not usually the case. The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to cellulitis, erysipelas is a bacterial infection involving the more superficial layers of the skin, presents with an area of redness with well-defined edges, and more often is associated with fever.[1] More serious infections such as an underlying bone infection or necrotizing fasciitisshould be ruled out.[2]
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該疾病雖然好發於任何部位，但最常見的是腿與臉。腿的部分通常會因為皮膚微小裂傷，而罹患此疾病。其他的危險因子包含[[肥胖症]]、[[水腫|腿部腫脹]]與年老。然而在臉部˙的皮膚微小裂傷，通常不會造成感染。最常見致病菌包含鏈球菌與[[金黃色葡萄球菌]]。相對於蜂窩性組織炎，[[丹毒]]為更淺層皮膚的細菌感染，表現為發紅部位邊緣清楚，且較常合併發燒<ref name=Vary2014>{{cite journal|last=Vary|first=JC|author2=O’Connor, KM|title=Common Dermatologic Conditions.|journal=The Medical clinics of North America|date=May 2014|volume=98|issue=3|pages=445–485|pmid=24758956|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.005}}</ref>。此外，嚴重感染如[[骨骼感染]]或[[壞死性筋膜炎]]，應該需先排除<ref name=Tint2010/>。
Diagnosis is usually based on the presenting signs and symptoms with cell culture rarely being possible.[1]Treatment with antibiotics taken by mouth such as cephalexin, amoxicillin or cloxacillin is often used.[1][4] In those who are seriously allergic to penicillin erythromycin or clindamycin may be used.[4] When methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a concern doxycycline or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may, in addition, be recommended.[1] Concern is related to the presence of pus or previous MRSA infections.[1][3] Steroids may speed recovery in those on antibiotics.[1] Raising the infected area may be useful[2] as may pain killers.[4]
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該疾病診斷，通常基於臨床症狀與徵象確診，[[細菌培養]]很少有發現<ref name=Vary2014/> 。在治療上採用口服[[抗生素]]，通常會使用[[頭孢氨芐]](cephalexin)、[[阿莫西林]](amoxicillin)與{{link-en|氯噻青黴素|cloxacillin}}(cloxacillin)<ref name=Vary2014/><ref name=BMJ2012/>。如果對[[青黴素]](penicillin)過敏的病患，則可以[[紅霉素]](erythromycin)與[[克林黴素]](clindamycin)替代<ref name=BMJ2012/>。此外，如果有[[發膿]]或前次[[抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌]](MRSA)感染，則在考量MRSA的情況下，會建議加用[[去氧羥四環素]](doxycycline)與[[複方新諾明]](trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)。抗生素併用[[類固醇]]也許會加速復原。將患處抬高與止痛劑可能對緩解症狀有幫助。
Around 95% of people are better after seven to ten days of treatment.[3] Potential complications include abscessformation. Skin infections affect about 2 out of every 1000 people per year.[1] Cellulitis in 2010 resulted in about 27,000 deaths worldwide that year.[5] In the United Kingdom cellulitis was the reason for 1.6% of admissions to the hospital.[4]
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約95%的人會在7至10天的治療後好轉<ref name=Mint2013/>。潛在性的併發症包含[[膿瘍]]的形成。每年1000人當中，大約有2個人會有皮膚感染<ref name=Vary2014/>。2010年，蜂窩組織炎造成全球約27,000人死亡<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0|first2=M|last3=Foreman|first3=K|last4=Lim|first4=S|last5=Shibuya|first5=K|last6=Aboyans|first6=V|last7=Abraham|first7=J|last8=Adair|first8=T|last9=Aggarwal|first9=R|last10=Ahn|first10=SY|last11=Alvarado|first11=M|last12=Anderson|first12=HR|last13=Anderson|first13=LM|last14=Andrews|first14=KG|last15=Atkinson|first15=C|last16=Baddour|first16=LM|last17=Barker-Collo|first17=S|last18=Bartels|first18=DH|last19=Bell|first19=ML|last20=Benjamin|first20=EJ|last21=Bennett|first21=D|last22=Bhalla|first22=K|last23=Bikbov|first23=B|last24=Bin Abdulhak|first24=A|last25=Birbeck|first25=G|last26=Blyth|first26=F|last27=Bolliger|first27=I|last28=Boufous|first28=S|last29=Bucello|first29=C|last30=Burch|first30=M|last2=Naghavi|display-authors=29}}</ref>。在英國，醫院入診病患當中的1.6%為蜂窩組織炎<ref name=BMJ2012>{{cite journal|last=Phoenix|first=G|author2=Das, S |author3=Joshi, M |title=Diagnosis and management of cellulitis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=Aug 7, 2012|volume=345|pages=e4955|pmid=22872711|doi=10.1136/bmj.e4955}}</ref>。