Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_febrile_seizure
{{Infobox disease|
| Name = 熱性痙攣
|Image = Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG
|Caption = An analog [[medical thermometer]] showing a temperature of {{val|38.8|u=°C}} or {{val|101.8|u=°F}}
圖為類比式[[醫療溫度計|醫療用溫度計]]顯示體溫為{{val|38.8|u=°C}}（{{val|101.8|u=°F}}）
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|56|0|r|50}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|780.31}}
| MeshID = D003294
| OMIM = 604352
| DiseasesDB = 4777
| MedlinePlus = 000980
| eMedicineSubj = neuro
| eMedicineTopic = 134
}}
A febrile seizure, also known as a fever fit or febrile convulsion, is an epileptic seizure associated with a high body temperature but without any serious underlying health issue. They most commonly occur in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years.[1] Most seizures are less than five minutes in duration and the child is completely back to normal within sixty minutes of the event.[1][2]
’’’熱性痙攣’’’（{{lang-en|febrile seizure}}），又稱作發燒性抽搐[中1]、’‘’熱性痙攣’‘’、’‘’熱性抽搐’‘’、’‘’熱性驚厥’‘’、’‘’熱性全身痙攣’‘’（{{lang-en|febrile convulsion}}）。熱性痙攣的病源，僅因為[[體溫調節|體溫過高]]而引起{{link-en|癲癇發作|Epileptic seizure}}[中2]，並無其他病因[中1]。此症最常發生在六個月到五歲的孩童[1]。大部分熱性痙攣孩童的癲癇發作時間會短於5分鐘，並在60分鐘內恢復正常[1][2]。
Febrile seizures may run in families. The diagnosis involves verifying that there is not an infection of the brain, there are no metabolic problems, and there have not been prior seizures that have occurred without a fever. There are two types of febrile seizures, simple febrile seizures and complex febrile seizures. Simple febrile seizures involve an otherwise healthy child who has at most one tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes in a 24 hour period. Blood testing, imaging of the brain or an electroencephalogram (EEG) is typically not needed for the diagnosis. Examination to determine the source of the fever is recommended. In otherwise healthy looking children a lumbar puncture is not necessarily required.[1]
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熱性痙攣可能與家族遺傳有關。其診斷需先確定患者腦部沒有受到感染、沒有{{link-en|代謝性疾病|Metabolic disorders}}、並且沒有痙攣的病史（[[發燒]]時產生的熱性痙攣除外）。熱性痙攣主要可分為兩種類型，單純的熱性痙攣與複雜的熱性痙攣。單純的熱性痙攣，是在24小時內至少發作1次{{link-en|僵直陣攣發作|Tonic–clonic seizure}}（腦組織大規模不規則放電，身體僵硬且不停抽動 [新增1])，且持續時間未超過15分鐘。診斷熱性痙攣不需用到血液檢測、大腦影像或[[腦電圖|腦電波圖]]等技術；但建議確診患者發燒的原因。此外，對於看起來健康無礙的幼兒患者，不建議採用{{link-en|腰椎穿刺|Lumbar puncture}}檢查[1]。
Neither anti-seizure medication nor anti-fever medication is recommended in an effort to prevent further simple febrile seizures.[1] In the few cases that last greater than five minutes a benzodiazepine such as lorazepam or midazolam may be used.[1][3] Outcomes are generally excellent with similar academic achievements to other children and no change in the risk of death for those with simple seizures. There is tentative evidence that children have a slight increased risk of epilepsy at 2%.[1] Febrile seizures affect two to ten percent of children before the age of five.[1][4] They are more common in boys than girls.[5] After a single febrile seizure there is a 15 to 70% chance of another one.[1]
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不建議使用{{link-en|抗癲癇藥物|Anticonvulsant}}或{{link-en|退燒藥|Antipyretic}}來預防單純的熱性痙攣發生[1]。少數熱性痙攣會持續超過五分鐘，此時可使用[[苯二氮平類藥物]]，如[[蘿拉西泮]]或[[咪達唑侖]][1][3]。熱性痙攣兒童預後通常相當良好，且在學業表現與死亡率上，亦與其他兒童無異。初步研究顯示，熱性痙攣兒童罹病後，得到癲癇症的機率略增，約為2%。五歲以前的兒童，約有2%至10%得過熱性痙攣[1][4]，且男孩的比例高於女孩[5]。首次得到熱性痙攣的病患，有15-70%的機會再次復發[1]。
熱性痙攣，又名發燒性抽搐[中1]、熱性驚厥，是一種幼童因為發高燒而引起的抽搐[中2]痙攣病徵，不過這種痙攣的起因跟腦癇沒有關連[中1]。