Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to freeze tissue in a specific area.[1] It is used by injecting it into the area, around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal’s epidural space. It is available mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to make it last longer.[1]It typically it begins working within 15 minutes and lasts for 2 to 8 hours.[1][2]
布比卡因是一種用以麻醉特定局部(freeze tissue in a specific area)的麻醉藥，市面上常見的商品名為麻佳因 (Marcaine)。藉由注射於局部以阻滯附近神經(around a nerve)或注射至脊椎孔做硬脊膜外麻醉(spinal canal’s epidural space)。有一種現成劑型混有腎上腺素(epinephrine)以達藥效持久之效；通常在施用後15分後見效，可維持2-8小時。[1][2]
Possible side effects include sleepiness, muscle twitching, ringing in the ears, changes in vision, low blood pressure, and an irregular heart rate. There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. Concentrated bupivacaine is not recommended for epidural freezing. Epidural freezing may also increase the length of labor. It is a local anaesthetic of the amide group.[1]
可能的副作用包含嗜睡、肌肉抽搐、耳鳴(ringing in the ears)、視野改變、低血壓( low blood pressure)、及心律不整。施打於關節部位可能引發軟骨(cartilage)問題，未經稀釋的布比卡因可能延長分娩(labor)時間，不建議用於硬脊膜外麻醉；它是醯胺族(amide group)的局部麻醉藥(local anaesthetic)。[1]
Bupivacaine was discovered in 1957.[3] It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[4] Bupivacaine is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive.[1][5] The wholesale cost of a vial is about 2.10 USD.[6]
布比卡因發現於1957年[3]，在最基本的健康照護系統(health system)中最必要的藥物清單[[世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单]]登錄有案[4] ，作為學名藥也不是十分昂貴[1][5] ，一瓶批發價約在2.10美元左右。[6]