https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_caries
<!-- Definition -->
Dental caries (caries is Latin for "rottenness"[1]), also known as tooth decay, cavities, or caries, is breakdown of teeth due to the activities ofbacteria.[2] The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black.[3]Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating.[4][3] Complications may includeinflammation of the tissue around the tooth,tooth loss, and infection or abscessformation.[1][3]
定義
齲齒（原文起緣於拉丁語裡的意思是「腐朽」[1]），又稱作蛀牙。是[[細菌]]在口中活動使得[[牙齒]]被分解的情況[2]。齲齒發生時患部會呈現黃到黑間不等的顏色[3]，症狀包含疼痛及難以進食[4][3]。併發症則可能造成[[牙齒周圍組織的發炎]]、[[牙齒脫落]]、感染，或[[囊腫]]的形成。
<!-- Cause -->
The bacteria break down the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum) by makingacid from food debris on the tooth surface.[5]Simple sugars in food are these bacteria’s primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.[5] If mineral breakdown is greater than build up from sources such as saliva, caries results.[5] Risk factors include conditions that result in less saliva such as: diabetes mellitus, Sjogren’s syndrome and some medications.[5] Medications that decrease saliva production include antihistamines and antidepressants among others.[5]Caries are also associated with poverty, poor cleaning of the mouth, and receding gumsresulting in exposure of the roots of the teeth.[6][2]
成因
細菌透過分解牙齒表面的食物產生酸，而這些酸會使牙齒的硬組織（即[[珐瑯質]]、[[牙本質]]和[[牙骨質]]）被分解。食物裡的單糖是能造成齲齒細菌的主要能量來源，因此成分中含有高單糖的飲食，將是導致齲齒的危險因子。
<!-- Prevention and treatment -->
Prevention includes: regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar and small amounts offluoride.[5][4] Brushing the teeth two times per day and flossing between the teeth once a day is recommended by many.[2][7] Fluoride may be from water, salt or toothpaste among other sources.[4] Treating a mother’s dental caries may decrease the risk in her children by decreasing the numbers of certain bacteria.[5] Screening can result in earlier detection.[2]Depending on the extent of destruction, various treatments can be used to restore the tooth to proper function or the tooth may be removed.[2] There is no known method togrow back large amounts of tooth.[8] The availability of treatment is often poor in the developing world.[4] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be taken for pain.[2]
<!-- Epidemiology -->
Worldwide, approximately 2.43 billion people (36% of the population) have dental caries in their permanent teeth.[9] The World Health Organizations estimates that nearly all adults have dental caries at some point in time.[4] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population.[9] They have become more common in both children and adults in recent years.[10] The disease is most common in the developed world and less common in the developing world due to greater simple sugar consumption.[2]