英文連結:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps_vaccine
中文連結:尚無
Mumps vaccines are vaccines which prevent mumps. When given to a majority of the population they decrease complications at the population level.[1] Effectiveness when 90% of a population is vaccinated is estimated at 85%.[2] Two doses are required for long term prevention. The initial dose is recommended between the age of 12 and 18 months of age. The second dose is than typically given between two years and six years of age.[1] Usage after exposure in those not already immune may be useful.[3]
流行性腮腺炎疫苗可有效預防流行性腮腺炎，當施打於人群中大多數時可在人群水平上減小流行性腮腺炎引起的併發症[1]。據估算，當人群中百分之九十均注射該疫苗時，其效率可達百分之八十五[2]。為獲得長期的免疫力，流行性腮腺炎疫苗需施打兩次，推薦第一次施打應於個體處於十二至十八個月大時；第二次一般在個體於兩週歲至六週歲時施打[1]。未經免疫的個體接觸病原體後施打流行性腮腺炎疫苗也可能有一定的免疫效果[3]。
The mumps vaccine is very safe and side effects are generally mild.[1][3] It may cause mild pain and swelling at the site of injection and mild fever. More significant side effects are rare.[1] Evidence is insufficient to link the vaccine to complications such as neurological effects.[3] The vaccine should not be given to people who are pregnant or have very poor immune system function.[1] Poor outcomes among children of mothers who received the vaccine during pregnancy, however, have not been documented.[1][3] Even though the vaccine is developed in chicken cells, it is okay to give to those with egg allergies.[3]
流行性腮腺炎疫苗的安全性非常好且其副作用通常較小[1][3]。其副作用可能包括施打處的輕微疼痛與腫脹以及輕微發熱。更嚴重的副作用較罕見[1]。將神經系統併發症歸於疫苗施打尚證據不足[3]。該疫苗禁用於[[孕婦]]及[[免疫力極低下者]][1]。流行性腮腺炎疫苗理論上對胎兒可能有一定致畸性，但至今仍未有此病例[1][3]。儘管流行性腮腺炎疫苗是在雞的細胞中培養出的，該疫苗對[[對雞蛋過敏]]人群仍是安全的[3]。
Most of the developed world and many countries in the developing world include it in their immunization programs often in combination with measles and rubella vaccine known as MMR.[1] A formulation with the previous three and the varicella vaccine known as MMRV is also available.[3] As of 2005 110 countries provided the vaccine as part of their immunization programs. In areas where widespread vaccination is carried out it has resulted in a more than 90% decline in rates of disease. Almost half a billion doses of one variety of the vaccine has been given.[1]
絕大部分[[發達國家]]和許多[[發展中國家]]將流行性腮腺炎疫苗納入其免疫接種項目中，且常與[[麻疹]]疫苗、[[風疹疫苗]]合併為[[麻腮風三聯疫苗]]([[MMR]])[1]。而麻腮風疫苗與[[水痘疫苗]]的聯合疫苗[[MMRV]]疫苗也已問世[3]。在2005年，110個國家已經將流行性腮腺炎疫苗納入其免疫接種項目中。在流行性腮腺炎疫苗接種廣泛開展的地區，該病的發病率已下降百分之九十。各種流行性腮腺炎疫苗已被接種近五億次[1]。
A mumps vaccine was first licensed in 1948; however it only had short term effectiveness.[3] Improved vaccines became commercially available in the 1960s. While the initial vaccine was Inactivated subsequent preparations are live virus that has been weakened.[1] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[4] There are a number of different types in use as of 2007.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world of the version that includes measles and rubella is 0.24 USD per dose as of 2014.[5]
世界上第一個流行性腮腺炎疫苗與1948年獲批，但該疫苗免疫效果較短[3]。經改進的流行性腮腺炎疫苗於二十世紀六十年代商業化生產。最初的流行性腮腺炎疫苗是一種[[不活化疫苗]]，即將有活性的病毒滅活而得[1]。流行性腮腺炎疫苗是一個最基本的[[公共衛生系統]]中最重要的藥物之一，並被列入[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]中[6]。截止2007年時已有許多種流行性腮腺炎疫苗可供使用[1]。2014年，麻腮風三聯疫苗在[[發展中國家]]的批發價為每劑0.24美元[5]。