美沙酮

英文條目:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Methadone

中文條目:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B2%99%E9%85%AE

中文原始引言可以參酌使用

美沙酮(英語:Methadone,或翻譯為美沙冬),在1937年由德國人發明,原來的用途是作為止痛藥嗎啡的代替品,因為美沙酮有跟嗎啡一樣的功效,但其高脂溶性使它可以留在人體內長達24小時,更能有效地減輕病人的痛楚。也是一種醫治長期毒品使用者的解毒藥。

Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among other, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with detoxification in people with opioid dependence.[3] Detoxification can either occur relatively rapidly in less than a month or gradually over less than six months. While a single dose has a rapid effect, maximum effect can take five days of use. The effects lasts about six hours after a single dose and a day and a half after longterm use. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle or vein.[3]

美沙酮(英語:Methadone,或翻譯為美沙冬)商用名包括多羅芬(英語:Dolophine),是一種[[類鴉片]]藥物。適用於緩解[[疼痛]]以及[[維持治療]],或用於幫助[[戒毒]]人士擺脫[[鴉片依賴]][3]。戒毒治療可在不到一個月的時間內迅速完成,亦可在不到六個月的時間內逐漸完成。美沙酮單次劑量使用後作用迅速,但需持續使用五天才可達其最大效果。單次劑量使用後藥效可持續約六小時,長期使用時單次劑量使用效果可持續一天半左右。美沙酮一般可通過口服、[[肌肉注射]]或[[靜脈注射]]使用[3]。

Side effects are similar to that of other opioids. Commonly this includes dizziness, sleepiness, vomiting, and sweating. Serious risks include opioid abuse or a decreased effort to breath. Heart arrhythmia may also occur including prolonged QT.[3] The number of deaths in the United States involving methadone poisoning was 4,418 in 2011 which was 26% of total deaths from opioid poisoning.[4] Risks are greater with higher doses.[5] Methadone is made by chemical synthesisand acts on the opiate receptor.[3]

美沙酮的副作用和其他類鴉片麻醉藥相似,常見的包括有暈眩、嗜睡、嘔吐與盜汗。較嚴重的副作用則像是[[濫用]]及呼吸困難。其他如[[心律不整]]包括[[QT期過長症候群]]等症狀都有可能發生[3]。2011年美國國內統計由於[[麻醉藥使用過量]]而造成的死亡人數當中有26%,大約是4418人死於[[美沙酮中毒]][4],使用劑量越高則有越高的機率會有副作用產生的風險[5] 。美沙酮是經由[[化學方式合成]]且其機轉是藉著結合[[鴉片類受體]]以達到止痛效用。

Methadone was developed in Germany around 1937 to 1939 by Gustav Ehrhart and Max Bockmühl.[6][7] It was approved for use in the United States in 1947.[3] Methadone is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[8] Globally in 2013 41,400 kilograms were manufactured.[9]It is regulated similarly to other narcotic drugs.[10] In the United States it is not very expensive.[11]

美沙酮大約在1937年至1939年間由[[古斯塔夫·愛哈特]]和[[麥克斯·勃克穆爾]]兩人在德國合成並問世[6][7],於1947年被美國認可且在國內使用.[3]。美沙酮是名列[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]內的藥物,同時更為[[基礎醫療系統]]內的重要必須藥品[8]。2013年,全球共生產美沙酮約41400公斤,它的使用規範和一般[[麻醉藥物]]相同[10] 。在美國當地,美沙酮並不是十分昂貴的藥品[11]

2016/09/27整合至中文條目中