英文連結:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccine
中文連結:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E5%97%9C%E8%A1%80%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97
中文引言(參考用
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection.[1]In countries that include it as a routine vaccine, rates of severe Hib infections have decreased more than 90%. It has therefore resulted in a decrease in the rate of meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis.[1]
’’’流感嗜血桿菌疫苗’’’（{{lang|en|Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine}}）是一種用作預防[[流感嗜血桿菌]]（HIB）感染的[[疫苗]]<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite journal|title=Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Vaccination Position Paper – July 2013.|journal=Wkly Epidemiol Rec|date=Sep 27, 2013|volume=88|issue=39|pages=413–26|pmid=24143842|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2013/wer8839.pdf}}</ref> 。在有將這疫苗納入接種計劃的國家，嚴重的流感嗜血桿菌感染率減少越90%。所以[[腦膜炎]]、[[肺炎]]、[[會厭炎]]之比率亦減少了<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。
It is recommended by both the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[1][2] Two or three doses should be given before six months of age.[1] In the United States a four dose is recommended between 12 and 15 months of age.[3] The first dose is recommended around six weeks of age with four weeks between doses. If only two doses are used, another dose later in life is recommended. It is given by injection into a muscle.[1]
[[世界衛生組織]]和[[美國疾病與防治中心]]推薦使用疫苗，並認為在嬰兒六個月齡之前應給予2到3劑<ref name=WHO2013/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines for prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children two months of age and older. Recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (ACIP).|journal=MMWR Recomm Rep|date=Jan 11, 1991|volume=40|issue=RR-1|pages=1–7|pmid=1899280}}</ref>，美國建議嬰兒在12~15月齡前應給予4劑<ref>{{cite web|title=Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B)|url=http://www.vaccines.gov/diseases/hib/|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref>。第一劑疫苗應在嬰兒六週大左右時，並且在各劑疫苗之間應至少間隔4週。若六個月前只注射兩劑，建議長大後可以再追加接種一劑。流感嗜血桿菌疫苗會以[[肌肉注射]]的方式接種<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。
Severe side effects are uncommon. About 20 to 25% of people develop pain at the site of injection while about 2% develop a fever. There is no clear association with severe allergic reactions. The Hib vaccine is available by itself, in combination with the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine, and in combination with the hepatitis B vaccine, among others. All Hib vaccines that are currently used are conjugate vaccine.[1]
大約20~25%的人接受疫苗後，會在注射處感到疼痛，並且約有2%會有[[發燒]]的症狀；但嚴重的副作用並不常見<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。目前還沒有發現疫苗和[[嚴重過敏反應]]有明確的關係<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。流感嗜血桿菌疫苗有獨立的疫苗，也有和[[白百破疫苗]]合併或和[[B型肝炎疫苗]]等疫苗合併的疫苗<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。現今所有的流感嗜血桿菌疫苗都是{{link-enl接合型疫苗lConjugate vaccine}}<ref name=WHO2013/>。
An initial Hib vaccine was developed in 1977 which was replaced by a more effective formulation in the 1990s. As of 2013, 184 countries include it in their routine vaccinations.[1] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[4] The wholesale cost of a pentavalent vaccine which includes Hib in the developing world was 15.40 USD per dose as of 2014.[5] In the United States it costs about 25 to 50 USD per dose.[6]
最初的流感嗜血桿菌疫苗發明於1977年，90年代則有更有效的製劑方式取代原有疫苗製備方法<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> -->。截至2013年，已有184個國家將其納入常規疫苗注射清單中<ref name=WHO2013/>。此疫苗也已列入[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]，清單內列有基礎{{link-enl健康醫療照護體系lHealth system}}中該具備的建議藥品<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref>。至2014年為止，包含流感嗜血桿菌疫苗的{{link-enl五合一疫苗lPentavalent vaccine}}在[[開發中國家]]中的批發成本價格每劑約15.40美元<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine, Pentavalent|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=PENVX&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=&desc=Vaccine%2C%20Pentavalent&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=19%2E3%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2819%2E3%2E%29Vaccines%3Cbr%3E|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=7 December 2015}}</ref>。疫苗在美國的價格每劑約25~50美元<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=313}}</ref>。
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{{MEDTRANS| panintelize , Wei-Lun Chiang , Chris Cheng-Hui Chang , 黃瑞霖 , Trista Tu , Aaron Kosatern |（整合者維基百科ID）}}
{{WSOTK|2016-11-12|[[meta:Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wiki_Seed_Of_Taiwan_Knowledge/Meetup04|醫藥保健專題小組]]| panintelize , Wei-Lun Chiang , Chris Cheng-Hui Chang , 黃瑞霖 , Trista Tu , Aaron Kosatern }}