https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Stomach_cancer
中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%83%E7%99%8C
<!-- Definition and Symptoms -->
Stomach cancer or gastric cancer, is when cancer develops from the lining of the stomach.[1] Early symptoms may include: heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite. Later symptoms may include: weight loss, yellow skin, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and blood in the stool among others.[2] The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes.[3]
<!---定義和症狀--->
’’’胃癌’’’是發生在[[胃部]]黏膜的[[癌症]][1]。早期的症狀包括[[胃灼熱]]，上腹疼痛，[[惡心]]及食慾不振。晚期的症狀包括[[體重減輕]]，[[黃疸]]，[[嘔吐]]，難以吞嚥，糞便中有血等症狀[1]。癌細胞會擴散到其他部位，特別是[[肝]]，[[肺]]，[[腹膜]]及[[淋巴結]]等部位[3]。
<!-- Cause and Diagnosis -->
The most common cause is infection by thebacteria Helicobacter pylori, which accounts for more than 60% of cases.[4][5] Certain type of H. pylori have greater risks than others. Other common causes include eating pickled vegetables and smoking. About 10% of cases run in families and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person’s parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas. This type can be divided into a number of subtypes. Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop within the stomach. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops through a number of stages over a number of years.[5] Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy. This is then followed bymedical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body.[2]Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of disease, screen for stomach cancer.[5]
<!---病因及診斷--->
最常見的原因是因為感染[[幽門螺旋桿菌]]，將近六成的胃部腫瘤都與感染這種[[細菌]]有關[4][5]。有某些種的幽門螺旋桿菌較為其他種來的危險。其他常見的理由像是食用[[醃漬蔬菜]]與抽菸。大約有10%的病例與家族遺傳有關，大概有1%~3%的的案例是因為源自雙親的基因性疾病，像是[[遺傳性瀰漫性胃癌]]。大多數的胃部腫瘤都是惡性胃癌，大致上又可再分為幾下列幾種：[[淋巴瘤]]與[[間質瘤]]也可能在胃裡形成。大多時候，胃癌會經年累月地持續惡化[5]。大多經由[[胃鏡]][[採檢]]樣本來做診斷，確診後才會再經由[[醫學影像]]，確認是否轉移到其他地方[2]。[[日本]]與[[南韓]]兩國胃癌的比率較高，會進行[[胃癌篩檢]]來發現疾病[5]。
<!--Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis -->
A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of cancer as does the stopping of smoking. There is tentative evidence that treating H. pylori decreases the future risk.[5][6] If cancer is treated early, many cases can be cured.[5] Treatments may include some combination of: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy.[2] If treated late, palliative care may be advised.[5] Outcomes are often poor with a less than 10% 5-year survival rate globally. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease.[7] In the United States 5-year survival is 28%[8] while in South Korea it is over 65% partly due to screening efforts.[5]
<!---預防和治療--->
[[地中海式飲食]]和戒煙都能降低罹患胃癌的風險。有研究顯示，治療胃幽門桿菌也有可能可以降低未來罹患胃癌的風險[5][6]。如果胃癌能夠早期治療，多數能夠痊癒[5]。治療方式包括：外科手術、[[化學治療]]、[[放射線治療]]以及[[標靶治療]][2]。 若到了疾病的末期，則可以考慮[[緩和療法]][5]。胃癌的治療成效不佳，全球平均的[[五年存活率]]在10%以下。這主要是因為多數患者都在疾病已相當嚴重時才發現罹癌[7]。在美國，五年存活率為28％[8]， 而在南韓五年存活率可達65%，致力於胃癌篩檢可能是存活率較高的原因之一[5]。
<!-- Epidemiology -->
Globally stomach cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths.[9] In 2012 it occurred in 950,000 people and caused 723,000 deaths.[9] Before the 1930s in much of the world, including the United States and the United Kingdom, it was the most common cause of death from cancer.[10][11][12] Rates of death have been decreasing in many areas of the world since then.[5] This is believed to be due to the eating of less salted and pickled foods as a result of the development of refrigeration as a method of keeping food fresh.[13] Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in East Asia and Eastern Europe and it occurs twice as often in males as in females.[5]
<!--流行病學--->
全世界中，胃癌是癌症致病原因第五名，並且在癌症致死率排名中為第三名，分別占7%與9%的個案數[9]。在2012年中，有 950,000人發病，且723,000 人死亡[9]。在1930年代以前，胃癌是世界許多地區（包含美國和英國）最常見的癌症死因[10][11][12]，但後來各個地區的胃癌死亡率皆已下降[5]，一般認為和發明冰箱，因此人們使用鹽漬法來保存食物的比例降低有關[13]。胃癌最普遍發生於[[東亞]]以及[[東歐]]地區，並且男性發病的機率是女性的兩倍[5]。
<!--目前中文條目內容-->
’’’胃癌’’’是指發生於胃粘膜的[[恶性肿瘤]]，为[[消化道]]常见的癌症，一般多见于中年以后的男性。