引言位置：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_rheumatoid_arthritis
中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%A2%A8%E6%BF%95%E6%80%A7%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80%E7%82%8E
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long lasting disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically result in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness are often worsen following rest. Most commonly the wrist and hands are involved with typically the same joints involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body. This may result in low red blood cells,inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy may also be present.[1] Often symptoms come on gradually over weeks to months.[2]
類風溼性關節炎是一個主要影響[[關節]]的長期持續性疾病。它通常導致關節發熱、腫脹和[[疼痛]]。疼痛和僵硬往往於休息後更惡化。最常見的是手腕和手涉及到身體兩側相同的關節。這個疾病也可能影響身體其他部分。這可能導致[[低紅血球細胞]]、[[肺部炎症]]、和[[心臟炎症]]。發燒和沒有活力可能會表現出來[1] 。通常症狀是逐漸超過數周至數月[2]。
While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is beleived to involve a combination of genetic and enviromental factors. The underlying mechanism involves the body’s immune system attacking the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. It also affects the underlying bone and cartilage.[1] The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of a person’s signs and symptoms.[2] X-rays and laboratory testing may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms.[1] Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and fibromyalgia among others.[2]
類風濕性關節炎的成因不明，但和[[基因]]與環境因素有關。作用機轉為身體的[[免疫系統]]攻擊關節，造成關節囊的發炎與增厚，通常也會影響到[[骨頭]]和軟骨。[1]診斷方式大多根據病患的身體表徵與症狀。[2]X光和實驗室測試可以協助診斷或排除一些相似的疾病。[1]其他疾病如[[紅斑性狼瘡]]、[[乾癬性關節炎]]，和[[纖維肌痛]]可能會有類似的症狀。[2]
The goal of treatment is to improve pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a person’s overall functioning. This may be helped by balacing rest and exercise, the use of splints and braces, or the use of assitive devices. Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symtoms. A group of medications called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used to try to slow the progression of disease. They include the medications hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate.[1] Biological DMARDs may be used when disease does not repond to other treatments.[3] They; however, may have a greater rate of adverse effects.[4]Surgery to repair, replace, or fusion joints may help in certain situations.[1] Most alternative medicine treatments are not supported by evidence.[5][6]
治療主要針對改善疼痛、減少發炎以及改善全身機能。適當的休息及運動、使用[[夾板及背帶]]或輔具等皆能幫助治療改善。藥物方面，常使用[[止痛劑]]、[[類固醇]]、[[非類固醇抗發炎藥物]]來緩解症狀；[[疾病調節抗風濕藥物]]（包括[[必賴克婁]]、[[必除癌注射液]]等）[1]亦可用來控制減緩病程，通常是在其他療程對病人無效時才會使用到此類藥物，[3]然而此類藥物相較於其他療程也可能對病人造成較大的副作用。[4]在特定狀況下，可能使用外科手術方式針對關節進行修復、[[置換]]、[[融合]]。[1]大部份的[[替代療法]]皆無證據支持其有效。[5][6]
RA affects between 0.5 and 1% of adults in the developed world with between 5 and 50 per 100,000 people newly developing the condition each year.[3] Onset is most frequent during middle age and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men.[1] In 2013 it resulted in 38,000 deaths up from 28,000 deaths in 1990.[7] The first recognized description of RA was made in 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772–1840) of Paris.[8] The term rheumatoid arthritis is based on the Greek for watery and inflammed joints.[9]
類風溼性關節炎在已開發國家會影響約0.5至1%的成年人，而每年十萬人中約有5至50人會罹患此疾病。[3]此疾病多在中年發作，女性的好發程度為男性的2.5倍。[1]類風溼性關節炎從1990年造成28000人死亡，到2013年則造成38000人死亡。[7]第一個做出關於類風濕性關節炎描述是在1800年的巴黎，由Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais 博士(1772–1840)做出。[8]類風溼性關節炎的用語源自希臘文，表示關節的出水與發炎。[9]
<!--目前中文條目前言-->
類風濕性關節炎（英文：Rheumatoid arthritis，簡稱RA），是一種由自身免疫障礙引致免疫系統攻擊關節的長期慢性炎症。這種炎症會造成關節變形直至殘廢，並會因關節痛楚及磨損而失去部份的活動能力。