<名人名病> (此部分為趣聞，不會放在維基本文內)
貝克漢：我每次都買30件同款式的凱文克萊內褲...
貝克漢曾說：「我的冰箱裡飲料一定是偶數。如果有3罐，我會扔掉1罐。」貝克漢會穿著白色衣服來搭配家具的顏色、每2週會買30件同款式的Calvin Klein內褲，並堅持襯衫要照顏色收納。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_OCD
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, have certain thoughts repeatedly, and feel they need to perform certain routines repeatedly. People are unable to control either the thoughts or the activities. Common activities include hand washing, counting of things, and checking to see if a door is locked. Some may have difficulty throwing things out. These activity occur to such a degree that the person’s daily life is negatively affected.[1] Often they take up more than an hour a day.[2] Most adults realize that the behaviors do not make sense.[1] The condition is associated with tics, anxiety disorder, and an increases the risk of suicide.[3][2]
<!-- 定義與症狀 -->
’’’強迫症’’’（{{lang-en|obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD}}）又譯’’’強迫性疾患’’’、‘’‘強迫性障礙’’’、’’’強迫性病症’’’[註1]，是一種[[精神病|精神上的失調]]，患者會感到需要不斷反覆地檢查某些事，並且在患者的思緒中，會{{link-en|持續地重複浮現某種想法|闖入型意念}}，或是感到需要[[強迫行為|一再地執行某些日常行為]]。患者會無法控制他們自己的思想與行為。常見的重複行為包含{{link-en|洗手|hand washing}}、計算東西、檢查門是否上鎖，有些患者可能會對丟棄物品有障礙。這些重複行為嚴重的程度，有時會對患者的日常生活產生負面影響，比如患者每天會花一小時以上的時間去執行這些行為[2]。大部分的成人患者能察覺他們的行為並不合理[1]，強迫症的狀況和[[抽動障礙|抽搐]]、[[焦慮症|焦慮]]等失調有關，甚至會導致[[自殺]]風險提升[3][2]。
<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause is unknown.[1] There appears to be some genetic components with identical twins more often affected than non-identical twins. Risk factors include a history of child abuse or other stress inducing event. Some cases have been documented to occur following infections. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and requires ruling out other drug related or medical causes.[2] Rating scales such asYale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale can be used to assess the severity.[4] Other disorders with similar symptoms include: anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, tic disorders, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder.[2]
<!-- 病因及診斷 -->
強迫症的起因尚未知曉[1]。由於[[雙胞胎|同卵雙胞胎]]比起非同卵雙胞胎更容易罹患強迫症，因此部分原因可能是[[遺傳學|遺傳因子]]所導致。強迫症的風險因子包含[[虐待兒童|兒童時期遭到羞辱]]，或是特定事件造成的{{link-en|壓力|Stress (psychological)|壓力 (心理學)}}。部分病例曾記載患者在[[感染|罹患某種傳染病]]後，才出現強迫症的行為。診斷的原則以症狀為基礎，並需要排除其它和藥物相關的成因[2]，分數量表例如{{link-en|耶魯－布朗強迫症量表|Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale}}可以用來評估強迫症的嚴重程度[4]。其他會產生類似症狀的疾病包含：焦慮、[[重性抑郁障碍重性抑郁障碍|重鬱症]]、[[进食障碍|飲食失調]]（例如厭食或暴食）、抽搐以及[[強迫型人格障礙]][2]。
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Treatment for OCD involves the use of behavioral therapy and sometimes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The type of behavior therapy used involves increasing exposure to what causes the problems while not allowing the repetative behavior to occur.[5]Atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine may be useful when used in addition to an SSRI in treatment-resistant cases but are associated with an increased risk of side effects.[6] Without treatment the condition often lasts decades.[2]
<!-- 治療及預後-->
強迫症的治療包括行為治療，以及搭配選擇性的（{{link-en|血清素抑制劑 (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRIs)|Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor}}）。行為治療包括試圖將患者暴露在引起強迫行為的環境下，但同時也試圖抑制重複行為的發生[5]。部分對於{{lang|en|SSRI}}有治療耐受性的患者，加上像是[[喹硫平|Quetiapine]]等{{link-en|非典型抗精神病的藥物|Atypical_antipsychotic}}，或許對治療會有所幫助，但同時也提升了副作用的風險[6]。如果未接受治療，強迫症的症狀往往會持續數十年[2]。
Reference
<!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture-->
Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects about 2.3% of people at some point in their life.[7] Rates during a given year are about 1.2% and it occurs worldwide.[2] It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of thirty five and half of people develop problems before twenty.[1][2] Males and females are affected about equally.[1] In English the phrase obsessive–compulsive is often used in an informal manner to describe someone who is excessively meticulous, perfectionistic, absorbed, or otherwise fixated.[8]
<!-- 流行病學及社會文化-->
據估計，約有近2.3%的人，在一生中的某個時刻會被強迫症所困擾[7]。每一年大約都有將近1.2%的人有強迫症的症狀，且並無特定地緣關係[2]。一般來說，只有相當少的案例是在35歲以後發病，半數以上的患者，大都在20歲以前就出現症狀[1][2]。強迫症並沒有性別差異[1]。英文中{{lang|en|obsessive–compulsive}}，往往用在形容那些過度一絲不苟、[[完美主義]]、專心一致或是自戀的人[8]。
Frequent hand washing occurs in some people with OCD
部分有強迫症的人會頻繁洗手。