英文引言：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_congenital_heart_defect
Congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.[2] Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem.[3] Symptoms can vary from none to life threatening.[2] When present they may include rapid breathing, bluish skin, poor weight gain, and feeling tired.[4] It does not cause chest pain.[4] Most congenital heart problems do not occur with other diseases.[3] Complications that can result from heart defects include heart failure.[4]
’’’先天性心臟病’’’是指在嬰兒[[出生]]時就已有的[[心臟]]問題[2]。徵象和症状隨心臟問題的種類而不同[3]。症状可能很輕微，也可能危及生命[2]。若有症狀，可能會包括呼吸急促、[[發紺]]、體重增加緩慢、以及容易疲倦[4]。一般不會有胸痛的症狀[4]。大部份的先天性心臟病不會和其他疾病一起出現[3]。心臟缺陷可能會造成其他併發症，包括[[心臟衰竭]][4]。
The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown.[5] Certain cases may be due to infections during pregnancy such as rubella, use of certain medications or drugs such asalcohol or tobacco, parents being closely related, or poor nutritional status or obesity in the mother.[3][6] Having a parent with a congenital heart defect is also a risk factor.[7] A number of genetic conditions are associated with heart defects including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Marfan syndrome.[3] Congenital heart defects are divided into two main groups: cyanotic heart defects and non-cyanotic heart defects, depending on whether the child has the potential to turn bluish in color.[3] The problems may involve the interior walls of the heart, the heart valves, or the large blood vessels that lead to and from the heart.[2]
Congenital heart defects are partly preventable through rubella vaccination, the adding ofiodine to salt, and the adding of folic acid to certain food products.[3] Some defects do not need treatment.[2] Other may be effectively treated with catheter based procedures or heart surgery.[8] Occationally a number of operations may be needed.[8] Occationally heart transplantation is required.[8] With appropriate treatment outcomes, even with complex problems, are generally good.[2]
Heart defects are the most common birth defect.[9][3] In 2013 they were present in 34.3 million people globally.[9] They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births depending upon how they are diagnosed.[3][7] About 6 to 19 per 1,000 cause a moderate to severe degree of problems.[7] Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths.[3] In 2013 they resulted in 323,000 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990.[10]
先天性心臟病可以透過接種[[德國麻疹]]疫苗、含有[[碘]]的鹽，及添加了[[葉酸]]的某些食物製品，來達到部分的預防功效。[3]某些情況下它是不需要被治療的，其他則可以透過[[心導管手術]]或[[心臟外科手術]]完成有效的治療。[8]有時則需要[[心臟移植]]。[8]只要有適當的治療，即便病情再複雜，治療成果通常良好。[2]心臟疾病是最常見的[[先天缺陷]]。[9][3]在2013年，全球有3430萬人罹患此疾病。[9]根據診查狀況，先天性心臟病每千名活產新生兒大約可影響4至75人。[3][7]而大約每千名活產新生兒內有6至19人可能有輕微至嚴重的病情。[7]先天性心臟病是最主要先天疾病相關的死因。[3]在2013年，先天性心臟病造成了323,000人的死亡，這個數字較1990年的366,000人死亡來的低。[10]