Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pains, and headaches which often last for up to a week. The severe symptoms may include: loss of the ability to see beginning three weeks after the infection, infections of the brain causes severe headaches and confusion, and bleeding together with liver problems which may occur within the first few days. Those who have bleeding have a chance of death as high as 50%.[1]
’’’裂谷熱’’’（{{lang-en|Rift Valley fever}}）是一種由[[病毒]]引起的疾病，它的症狀程度從輕微到嚴重都有。輕微的症狀包括：[[發熱|發燒]]、肌肉疼痛、以及頭痛（常持續數天到一週）；嚴重的症狀則有：[[失明]]（通常在感染三週後發生）、腦部感染引起劇烈的[[頭痛]]與{{link-en|神智混亂|confusion}}、以及伴隨肝功能異常的出血（可能在最初幾天出現）。有出血症狀的患者的死亡率高達50%[1]。
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The disease is caused by the RVF virus, which is of the Phlebovirus type. It is spread by either touching infected animal blood, breathing in the air around an infected animal being butchered, drinking raw milk from an infected animal, or the bite of infected mosquitoes. Animals such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels may be affected.In these animals it is spread mostly by mosquitoes. It does not appear that one person can infect another person. Diagnosis is by finding antibodies against the virus or the virus itself in the blood.[1]
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裂谷熱起因於裂谷熱[[病毒]]，屬於{{link-en|白蛉熱病毒屬|Phlebovirus}}。此疾病藉由接觸染病動物的血液（在[[屠宰]]染病動物的現場可能吸入帶有血液的空氣而染病）、[[生乳]]、或是受到已感染[[蚊|蚊子]]的叮咬而傳播。牛、綿羊、山羊與駱駝等動物也會被裂谷熱感染，最常見的[[載體|病媒]]為蚊子（通常為[[黑斑蚊]]屬）[0]。目前尚無發現人傳人的病例。診斷方面，可藉由尋找血液中病毒或病毒所產生的[[抗體]]而確診[1]。
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Prevention of the disease in humans is by vaccinating animals against the disease. This must be done before an outbreak occurs as if it is done during an outbreak it may worsen the situation. Stopping the movement of animals during an outbreak may also be useful. As may decreasing mosquito numbers and avoiding their bites. There is a human vaccine; however, as of 2010 it is not widely available. Once infected there is no specific treatment.[1]
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預防人類感染裂谷熱的方式，就是讓動物注射疫苗抵抗該疾病。注射疫苗的時機必須為疾病未爆發以前，如果已經開始爆發，則必須在疫情變嚴重之前進行注射。在疫情爆發時，限制動物的行動是有用的。此外，也可能需要降低蚊子的數量且避免被蚊子叮咬。裂谷熱有人體[[疫苗]]；然而直到2010年為止，尚未廣泛使用。一旦感染，則沒有特定的治療方法[1]。
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Outbreaks of the disease have only occurred in Africa and Arabia. Outbreaks usually occur during periods of increased rain which increase the number of mosquitoes.[1] The disease was first reported among livestock in Rift Valley of Kenya in the early 1900s,[2] and the virus was first isolated in 1931.[1]
<!-- 流行病學與歷史 -->
裂谷熱只在非洲與[[阿拉伯]]地區出現[[流行病|爆發]]的紀錄。疫情爆發的時期是在雨量增加時，因為在此時蚊子的數量也會增加[1]。1900年代早期，該疾病首次報告有家畜傳染的地區為[[肯亞]]的{{link-en|大裂谷 (肯亞)|Great Rift Valley, Kenya|大裂谷}}[2]，並於1931年分離出裂谷熱的病毒[1]。