英文引言:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_BCG_vaccine
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis.[1] In countries where tuberculosis is common one dose is recommended in healthy babies as close to the time of birth as possible.[1] Babies with HIV/AIDS should not be vaccinated.[2] In areas where tuberculosis is not common only babies at high risk are typically immunized with suspected cases of tuberculosis tested for and treated. Adults who do not have tuberculosis and have not been previously immunized but are frequently exposed to drug resistant tuberculosis may be immunized as well.[1]
卡介苗起初被用來對抗[[結核病]][1]。在結核病常發的國家，常推薦健康的嬰兒在出生時候盡快接受一劑量的卡介苗注射[1]。但患有[[後天免疫缺乏症/艾滋病]]的嬰兒不應該注射該疫苗[2]。而在結核病少發的地區，在有結核病可疑病例被檢測及治療時，只有高危嬰兒才會注射卡介苗。未患結核病而且並未對結核病免疫，但又長期暴露在抗藥性結核菌環境下的成年人也應該注射卡介苗[1]。
Rates of protection vary widely and last between ten and twenty years.[1] Among children it prevents about 20% from getting infected and among those who do get infected it protects half from developing disease.[3] The vaccine is given by injection into the skin.[1]Additional doses are not supported by evidence.[1] It may also be used in the treatment of some types of bladder cancers.[4]
疫苗保護期的變化大，介於10到20年不等[2]。其可以防止約20%的孩子不被感染，而疫苗可保護約一半已經受到感染的小孩病情不在惡化[3]。卡介苗是採用皮下注射[1]。並沒有其他證據支持額外的藥劑量[1]。卡介苗有時候也會用於治療某些類型的[[膀胱癌]][4]。
Serious side effects are rare. Often there is redness, swelling, and mild pain at the site of injection. A small ulcer may also form with some scarring after healing. Side effects are more common and potentially more severe in those with poor immune function. It is not safe for use in pregnancy. The vaccine was originally developed from Mycobacterium bovis which is commonly found in cows. While it has been weakened it is still live.[1]
極少出現嚴重的副作用，較常出現的症狀是發紅, 腫脹與注射處輕微疼痛。傷口癒合後小[[潰瘍]]會形成一些疤痕。在[[免疫功能不佳]]的人身上，較容易出現副作用甚至症狀更加嚴重。[[懷孕期間]]不適合施打疫苗。疫苗最初是從乳牛體內找到的[[牛分歧桿菌]]發展而來。抗原被削弱但仍然活存[1]。
The BCG vaccine was first use medically in 1921.[1] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[5] The wholesale cost is 0.16 USD a dose as of 2014.[6] In the United States it costs 100 to 200 USD.[7] Each year the vaccine is given to about 100 million children.[1]
BCG 疫苗最早使用在在1921年[1]。現在被列入[[世界衛生組織的基本必須藥物名單]]，只有在基本醫療衛生制度中，重要的藥物會被列入其名單中[5]。在2014年，該批發價為0.16美圓[6]。在美國它的成本約100-200美圓[˙7]。每年約有1億名孩童接受疫苗施打[1]。