英文連結：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Varicella_vaccine
中文連結：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%97%98%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97
Varicella vaccine, also known as chickenpox vaccine, is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox.[1] One dose of vaccine prevents 95% of moderate disease and 100% of severe disease. Two doses of vaccine is more effective than one. If given to those who are not immune within five days of exposure to chickenpox it prevents most cases of disease. Vaccinating a large portion of the population also protects those who are not vaccinated. It is given by injection just under the skin.[2]
’’’Varicella vaccine’’’, also known as ’’’chickenpox vaccine’’’, is a [[vaccine]] that protects against [[chickenpox]].One dose of vaccine prevents 95% of moderate disease and 100% of severe disease.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Two doses of vaccine is more effective than one.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> If given to those who are not immune within five days of exposure to chickenpox it prevents most cases of disease.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Vaccinating a large portion of the population also protects those who are not vaccinated.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> It is given by [[subcutaneous injection|injection just under the skin]].
’’’水痘疫苗’’’臨床上可用來預防[[水痘]]<ref name=CDC2015>{{cite web|title=Chickenpox (Varicella) Vaccine Safety|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/varicella-vaccine.html|website=CDC|accessdate=15 December 2015|date=October 27, 2015}}</ref> 。施打一劑量水痘疫苗可防止95%的中等發作與100%的重度發作，但施打兩劑量效果更佳<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->。在接觸水痘病毒五天內，未經免疫的個體接種水痘疫苗可極大程度預防得病<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->。人群中大部分接種水痘疫苗也可保護未接種人群免於水痘侵襲。水痘疫苗採用[[皮下注射]]<ref name=WHO2014/>。
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine vaccination only if a country can keep more than 80% of people vaccinated. If only 20 to 80% of people are vaccinated it is possible that more people will get the disease at an older age and outcomes overall may worsen. Either one or two doses of the vaccine is recommended.[2] In the United States two doses are recommended starting at twelve to fifteen months of age.[1]As of 2012 most European countries either recommend it for all children or just those at high risk,[3] but not all countries provide the vaccine due to its cost.[4]
[[世界衛生組織]]推薦只有該國水痘疫苗注射率可達百分之八十時，才可將其納入[[免疫接種計畫]]。若其注射率僅在百分之二十至百分之八十間，可能會使人群在年紀更大時感染該病，並使其總體效果更差（年齡較大的患者併發症率更高）<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->。在劑量方面，世界衛生組織推薦注射一劑量或兩劑量<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> -->。在美國，十二個月大至十五個月大的嬰兒均被推薦注射兩劑量<ref name=CDC2015/>。截止2012年，大部分歐洲國家推薦注射水痘疫苗，但在是否應施打於所有兒童還是高危兒童上意見不一<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Carrillo-Santisteve|first1=P|last2=Lopalco|first2=PL|title=Varicella vaccination: a laboured take-off.|journal=Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases|date=May 2014|volume=20 Suppl 5|pages=86–91|pmid=24494784|doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12580}}</ref> 。因水痘疫苗的成本，並不是所有國家均提供其注射<ref name=Flatt2012>{{cite journal|last1=Flatt|first1=A|last2=Breuer|first2=J|title=Varicella vaccines.|journal=British medical bulletin|date=September 2012|volume=103|issue=1|pages=115–27|pmid=22859715|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds019}}</ref> 。
The vaccine is very safe. Minor side effects may include pain at the site of injection, fever, and rash.[1] Severe side effects are rare and occurred mostly in those with poor immune function. It use in people with HIV/AIDS should be done with care.[2] It is not recommended during pregnancy; however, the few times it has been given during pregnancy no problems resulted.[1][2] The vaccine is available either by itself or along with MMR vaccine.[2] It is made from weakened virus.[1]
The vaccine is very safe.<!-- <ref name=CDC2015/> --> Minor side effects may include pain at the site of injection, fever, and rash.<ref name=CDC2015/> Severe side effects are rare and occurred mostly in those with [[immunosuppressed|poor immune function]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> It use in people with [[HIV/AIDS]] should be done with care.<ref name=WHO2014/> It is not recommended during [[pregnancy]]; however, the few times it has been given during pregnancy no problems resulted.<ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=WHO2014/> The vaccine is available either by itself or along with [[MMR vaccine]].<ref name=WHO2014/> It is made from [[live vaccine|weakened virus]].<ref name=CDC2015/>
該疫苗安全性極佳。輕微的副作用可能包括注射處疼痛、發熱以及紅疹<!-- <ref name=CDC2015/> -->。嚴重的併發症較為罕見而且大多數發生於[[免疫功能低下]]者。接種於[[愛滋病病毒感染者或愛滋病患者]]時應當加以特殊照護<ref name=WHO2014/>。該疫苗不建議接種於[[孕婦]]，但在目前少數的接種案例中，未發現任何異常<ref name=CDC2015/><ref name=WHO2014/>。水痘疫苗可單獨使用，也可在[[麻腮風三聯疫苗(MMR vaccine)]]中一同接種。水痘疫苗是以[[減毒性病毒]]制得的<ref name=CDC2015/>。
The chickenpox vaccine first became commercially available in 1984.[2] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[5] In the United States it costs between 100 and 200 USD.[6]
The chickenpox vaccine first became commercially available in 1984. It is on the [[World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines]], the most important medication needed in a basic [[health system]].<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> In the United States it costs between 100 and 200 USD.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=318}}</ref>
水痘疫苗在1984年問世<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite journal|title=Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: WHO position paper, June 2014.|journal=Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d’hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations|date=20 June 2014|volume=89|issue=25|pages=265-87|pmid=24983077|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2014/wer8925.pdf?ua=1}}</ref>，它被列入[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]中，一個基本的[[公共衛生系統]]中最重要的藥物之一<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> 。在美國，水痘疫苗大約花費100至200元美金<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=318}}</ref>。