20161011整合完成
英文條目:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Macular_degeneration
中文條目（20161011整合完成）
:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7
中文原始引言可參酌使用
老年性黃斑病變是一種損害到視網膜黃斑部分，影響老年人中心視野的疾病。它有「乾」和「濕」兩種類型。該病變是導致大於50歲的老年人視力障礙的一個重要原因[1]。黃斑變性可以使病人難以或無法識別正面的物體，雖然他/她仍舊有足夠的周邊視力進行其他日常活動。
Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field.[1] Early on there is often not symptoms. In some people there is a gradual worsening over time which may affect one or both eyes. While it does not result in complete blindness, loss of central vision, can make it hard to recognize faces, drive, read, or perform other activities of daily life. Visual hallucinations may also occur but these are not serious and do not represent a mental illness.[1]
黃斑部病變，也被稱為老年性黃斑部病變(AMD或ARMD)，會出現視力模糊或中央視野[[視力障礙]]的症狀[1]。初期通常不會有症狀出現。部分病患會隨時間有階段性的惡化，這可能影響單眼或雙眼。雖然此病未造成完全的失明，但是中央視力的喪失，
可能會使患者在臉部辨識、駕駛、閱讀或其他日常活動產生困難。患者有可能出現視幻覺，但是並不會太嚴重，也不表示有[[精神病]]。
Macular degeneration typically occur in older people. Genetic factors and smoking also play a role. It is due damage to the macula of the retina. Diagnosis is by an complete eye exam. The severity is divided into early, intermediate, and late types.[1] The late type is additionally divided into "dry" and "wet" forms with the dry form making up 90% of cases.[1][2]
黃斑部病變通常發生於年長者。基因及抽菸也會有所影響。這是由於[[視網膜]][[黃斑]]的損傷所造成。可以完整的[[視力測試]]診斷得知。病情依嚴重程度可分為輕度、中度及重度[1]。重度的老年性黃斑部病變可被另外分成乾性與濕性，而90%為乾性老年性黃斑部病變[1][2]。
Prevention includes not smoking, exercising, and eating well.[1] Vitamin supplements do not appear to be useful for prevention.[3] There is no cure or treatment that returns vision already lost. In the wet form, anti-VEGF medicationinjected into the eye or less commonly laser coagulation or photodynamic therapy may slow worsening.[1]Supplements in those who already have the disease may slow progression.[4]
預防老年性黃斑部病變的方法包含戒菸、運動及健康的飲食[1]。補充維生素沒有明顯的預防效果[3]。一旦視力已經喪失，就無法痊癒或治療恢復。在濕性老年性黃斑部病變的治療方式有眼內注射[[抗血管內皮增生因子]]，較少見的[[雷射光凝固治療]]或[[光動力療法]]都可能減緩病情惡化[1]。已有老年性黃斑部病變的的患者，補充有益的營養成分可以減緩病情惡化[4]。
In 2010 it affected 23.5 million people globally.[5] In 2013 moderate to severe disease affected 13.4 million and it is the fourth most common cause of blindness after cataracts, preterm birth, and glaucoma.[6] It most commonly occurs in people over the age of fifty and in the United States is the most common cause of vision loss in this age group.[1][2]About 0.4% of people 50 and 60 have the disease, while it occurs in 0.7% of people 60 to 70, 2.3% of those 70 to 80, and nearly 12% of people over 80 years old.[2]
在2010年全球有兩千三百萬的人有老年性黃斑部病變[5]。在2013年，中度到重度的病患有一千三百四十萬人，且這是在繼[[白內障]]、[[早產]]及[[青光眼]]後造成失明的第四常見的主要因素[6]。超過五十歲的人較容易出現老年性黃斑部病變，在美國，老年性黃斑部病變為造成此年齡族群失去視力的主要因素[1][2]。年齡50到60歲的人，約有0.4%有此疾病；而60到70歲的人約有0.7%有；年齡70到80歲的人約2.3%有，在超過80歲的人中則有將近12%的人有老年性黃斑部病變[2]。