中文 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E9%BE%99%E7%BA%BF%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85
英文
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Dracunculiasis
無國界譯者成果 http://twb.translationcenter.org/workspace/jobs/view/id/41537
06,Dracunculiasis Jan2015 Zh.docx (1016 words, 1 year, 5 months ago) 譯者 Yixiong Zhu
2017-03-05 將英文版與無國界譯者整合至中文的版本再校對一次
{{medical}}
{{Infobox disease
|Name = 麦地那龙线虫病
|Image = Dracunculus medinensis.jpg
|Caption = 用火柴棍将龙线虫从人的腿部卷出
|DiseasesDB = 3945
|ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|72||b|65}}
|ICD9 = {{ICD9|125.7}}
|ICDO =
|OMIM =
|MedlinePlus =
|eMedicineSubj = ped
|eMedicineTopic = 616
|MeshID = D004320
}}
<!-- 定义与症状 -->
’’’麦地那龙线虫病’’’，又名’’’几内亚线虫病’’’（’’’GWD’’’），是[[麦地那龙线虫|龙线虫]]感染所引发的疾病<ref name=WHO2014/>。人类饮用不洁净的水后，如果水中含有感染了龙线虫[[幼虫]]的[[水蚤]]，就会收到感染<ref name=WHO2014/>。患者起初没有症状<ref name=CMAJ2004/>。大约一年后，母虫通常会在下肢的皮肤上形成水疱，患者因此感到痛苦和灼烧<ref name=WHO2014/> 之后线虫会用数周时间从皮肤中逐渐脱出。<ref name=Cair2012>{{cite journal|last=Cairncross|first=S|author2=Tayeh, A |author3=Korkor, AS |title=Why is dracunculiasis eradication taking so long?|journal=Trends in parasitology|date=Jun 2012|volume=28|issue=6|pages=225–30|pmid=22520367|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.003}}</ref> 这段时间内，患者行动与工作可能会受到很大困扰。<ref name=CMAJ2004>{{cite journal|last=Greenaway|first=C|title=Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne|date=Feb 17, 2004|volume=170|issue=4|pages=495–500|pmid=14970098|pmc=332717}}</ref> 该病极少导致患者死亡。<ref name=WHO2014/>
’’’Dracunculiasis’’’, also called ’’’guinea worm disease’’’ (’’’GWD’’’), is an infection by the [[Dracunculus medinensis|guinea worm]].<ref name=WHO2014/> A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains [[water fleas]] infected with guinea worm [[larva]]e.<ref name=WHO2014/> Initially there are no symptoms.<ref name=CMAJ2004/> About one year later, the person develops a painful burning feeling as the female worm forms a blister in the skin, usually on the lower limb.<ref name=WHO2014/> The worm then comes out of the skin over a few weeks.<ref name=Cair2012>{{cite journal|last=Cairncross|first=S|author2=Tayeh, A |author3=Korkor, AS |title=Why is dracunculiasis eradication taking so long?|journal=Trends in parasitology|date=Jun 2012|volume=28|issue=6|pages=225–30|pmid=22520367|doi=10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.003}}</ref> During this time, it may be difficult to walk or work.<ref name=CMAJ2004>{{cite journal|last=Greenaway|first=C|title=Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease).|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association |date=Feb 17, 2004|volume=170|issue=4|pages=495–500|pmid=14970098|pmc=332717}}</ref> It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death.<ref name=WHO2014/>
<!-- 病因 -->
人类是唯一已知能被龙线虫感染的动物。<ref name=CMAJ2004/> 龙线虫粗约1到2毫米，雌性成虫体长60到100厘米之间（雄性则要短得多）。<ref name= WHO2014/><ref name= CMAJ2004/> 在人体体外，龙线虫卵最长可存活三个星期。<ref name=Man2013>{{cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Jeremy Farrar, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas|title=Manson’s tropical diseases.|year=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=9780702053061|page=e62|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA62|edition=23rd edition}}</ref> 在此期间，虫卵需被水蚤吞食。<ref name=WHO2014/> 虫卵在水蚤内可继续存活长达四个月的时间。<ref name=Man2013/> 因此，该疾病若要保持存在，则必须每年都在人体中进行致病。<ref>{{cite web|title=Parasites - Dracunculiasis (also known as Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication Program|url=http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/guineaworm/gwep.html|work=CDC|accessdate=19 March 2014|date=November 22, 2013}}</ref> 对该疾病的诊断，通常可根据其症状和体征进行判断。<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook|first=Gordon|title=Manson’s tropical diseases.|year=2009|publisher=Saunders|location=[Edinburgh]|isbn=9781416044703|page=1506|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=CF2INI0O6l0C&pg=PA1506|edition=22nd ed.}}</ref>
<!-- 预防与治疗 -->
对该疾病进行早期诊断，并防止患者伤口接触饮用水可起到预防作用。<ref name=WHO2014/> 其他预防措施包括：改善洁净水供应，对非洁净水进行过滤。<ref name=WHO2014/> 使用布料进行过滤通常就可起到效果。<ref name=Cair2012/> 受污染的饮用水可用化学品[[双硫磷]]进行处理，以消灭幼虫。<ref name=WHO2014/> 龙线虫病没有药物或疫苗可用。<ref name=WHO2014/> 线虫可用小棍花数周时间缓慢卷出。<ref name=CMAJ2004/> 线虫脱出形成的溃疡可能会遭受细菌感染。<ref name=CMAJ2004/> 龙线虫脱出数月后，患者可能依然感到疼痛。<ref name=CMAJ2004/>
<!-- 流行病学与历史 -->
龙线虫病2013年共报告148起病例<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) Fact sheet N°359 (Revised)|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs359/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 March 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref>，较1986年350万起病例大幅减少。<ref name=CMAJ2004/> 该病80年代在20多个国家中存在，现仅存在于非洲4个国家。<ref name=WHO2014/> 其中，[[南苏丹]]病况最为严重。<ref name=WHO2014/> 龙线虫病很有可能成为第一个被消灭的[[寄生虫病]]。<ref name="GWEP">{{cite web |publisher = [[Carter Center]] |title=Guinea Worm Eradication Program |work= The Carter Center | url = http://www.cartercenter.org/health/guinea_worm/mini_site/facts.html | accessdate = 2011-03-01}}</ref> 龙线虫病在古代就已为人知晓。<ref name=CMAJ2004/> 公元前1550年的埃及医书{{le|埃伯斯纸草卷|Ebers Papyrus}}就提到了该病。<ref name=TropMed/> 龙线虫病的名称源自[[拉丁语]] “小龙带来的苦恼”，<ref name="Barry">{{cite journal |author=Barry M |title=The tail end of guinea worm — global eradication without a drug or a vaccine |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=356 |issue=25 |pages=2561–4 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17582064 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp078089 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/25/2561 }}</ref> 而“几内亚虫”这个名称，出现在欧洲人17世纪于[[西部非洲|西非]]沿岸的[[几内亚]]目睹该疾病之后。<ref name=TropMed>{{cite web |publisher = [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]] |title=Dracunculiasis |author = Tropical Medicine Central Resource | url = http://www.isradiology.org/tropical_deseases/tmcr/chapter27/intro.htm |accessdate=2008-07-15}}</ref> 一种类似于龙线虫的物种会在其他动物中致病。<ref name=Jung2013/> 该物种没有感染人类的迹象。<ref name=Jung2013>{{cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Jeremy Farrar, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas|title=Manson’s tropical diseases.|year=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=9780702053061|page=763|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA763|edition=23rd edition}}</ref> 龙线虫病被列入[[被忽视热带病]]中。<ref>{{cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref>
==参见==
==參考資料==
===注釋===
{{reflist}}