英文短條目：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_syphilis
中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92 （有掛翻譯品質不佳模版）
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectioncaused by the bacterium Treponema pallidumsubspecies pallidum.[1] The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration) but there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis a diffuse rash which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet occurs. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. In latent syphilis there are little to no symptoms which can last for years.[2] In tertiary syphilis there are gummas (soft non-cancerous growths), neurological, or heart symptoms.[3] Syphilis has, however, been known as "the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases.[2][3]
’’’梅毒’’’（{{lang-en|Syphilis}}）是一種細菌型[[性感染疾病]]，病原體是{{le|梅毒螺旋體|Treponema pallidum}}的一種亞種（’’Treponema pallidum pallidum’’）[1]。梅毒的病徵和症狀相當多樣，取決呈現出的病症屬於感染分期四期的哪一期（初期、第二期、潛伏期，和第三期）。初期典型呈現單一{{le|下疳|chancre}}（堅硬、無痛、無搔癢的[[皮膚潰瘍]]），但會有多處痠痛；在第二期中會出現經常遍布到手掌與腳掌的廣泛紅疹。在口腔與陰道處會有潰瘍。潛伏期的患者症狀通常不明顯，可能維持數年[2]。在第三期會有{{le|梅毒腫|gummas}}（柔軟、非癌症式生長）、神經性與心臟疾病[3]。梅毒因其症狀表現類似許多其他疾病，而以「{{le|偉大的模仿者|the great imitator}}」為人熟知[2][3]。
Syphilis is most commonly spread through sexual activity.[2] It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis.[2][4] Other human diseases caused by related Treponema pallidum include yaws (subspecies pertenue),pinta (subspecies carateum), and bejel (subspecies endemicum).[3] Diagnosis is usually made by using blood tests; however, the bacteria can also be detected using dark field microscopy. The Center for Disease Control recommends all pregnant women be detested.[2]
梅毒最廣泛的傳播方式是透過[[性行為]][2]，它也可以使母親於懷孕期間或出生時傳染給胎兒，這樣的感染稱為[[先天性梅毒]]。由梅毒螺旋體引起的人類疾病包含[[熱帶肉芽腫]]、[[品他病]]，以及[[非性病性病毒]]。通常梅毒可以透過[[血液檢查]]做出診斷，不過其實梅毒螺旋體能使用[[暗視野顯微鏡]]檢測。而疾病預防中心會建議所有孕婦都進行相關檢驗。
The risk of syphilis can be decreased by latex condom use and a low number of sexual partners.[2] Syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics. The preferred antibiotic for most cases is benzathine penicillin G injected into a muscle. In those who have a severepenicillin allergy, doxycycline or tetracycline may be used. In those with neurosyphilisintravenous penicillin G potassium or ceftriaxone is recommended. During treatment people may develop fever, headache, and muscles pains, a reaction known as Jarisch-Herxheimer.[1]
防治梅毒的方法包含使用[[乳膠保險套]]，與減少性伴侶等方式[2]。梅毒可以利用[[抗生素]]有效治療。許多病例中偏好的抗生素為[[長效性青黴素]][[肌肉內注射]]。對於有嚴重{{le|青黴素過敏|penicillin allergy}}的患者，可以使用[[去氧羥四環素]]或[[四環黴素]]。對於有[[神經性梅毒]]患者，建議使用[[青黴素|青黴素G鉀]]或[[頭孢曲松]]。治療過程中，患者可能產生發燒、頭痛，與肌肉痛的{{le|雅-赫氏反應Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction}}[1]。
In 2013 syphilis infected about 315,000 people.[5] During 2010 it caused about 113,000 deaths down from 202,000 in 1990.[6] After decreasing dramatically with the availability of penicillin in the 1940s, rates of infection have increased since the turn of the millennium in many countries, often in combination with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[7][3]This is believed to be partly due to increased promiscuity, prostitution, decreasing use of condoms, and unsafe sexual practices among men who have sex with men.[8][9][10] In 2015, Cuba became the first country in the world to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.[11]
在2013年，感染梅毒的人數約31.5萬[5]。而在2010年，梅毒造成11.3萬人死亡，相對於1990年的20.2萬人已降低許多[6]。1940年代，由於抗藥性的關係，青黴素的效用大幅降低。於是，感染率自世紀之交後便在許多國家上升，通常合併[[人類免疫不全病毒]]（HIV）[˙7][3]。據信部分導因於[[劈腿族]]與[[性交易]]的增加，保險套使用的降低，與[[男男性接触人群|男男性行為者]]間的不安全性行為[8][9][10]。2015年，[[古巴]]成為世界第一個根除母子垂直感染梅毒的國家[11]。