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Aciclovir (ACV), also known as acyclovir and acycloguanosine, is an antiviral medication(抗病毒药物).[3] It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus(单纯疱疹病毒) infections, chickenpox(水痘), and shingles(带状疱疹). Other uses include prevention of cytomegalovirus(巨細胞病毒) infections following transplant and infections due to Epstein-Barr virus(人類疱疹病毒第四型). It is available by mouth and intravenously(靜脈注射).[4]
阿昔洛韋(Aciclovir，ACV)又被稱作Acyclovir 或 Acycloguanosine，又称无环鸟苷，是一种鸟嘌呤类似物类的抗病毒药物 [3]。主要用來治療单纯疱疹病毒感染、水痘、带状疱疹。另外也應用在移植手術後，預防人類疱疹病毒第四型等巨細胞病毒感染的預防性投藥。同時具有口服劑型與靜脈注射劑型。[4]。阿昔洛韦是最常用的抗病毒药物之一，主要用于治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染，也可用于带状疱疹的治疗。
Common side effects include nausea and diarrhea. Potentially serious side effects include kidney problems and low platelets. Greater care is recommended in those with poor liver or kidney function.[4] It is generally considered safe for use in pregnancy(妊娠) with no harms having been observed.[4][5] It is safe during breastfeeding(母乳餵養).[6] Aciclovir is a nucleic acid analogue made from guanosine(鳥苷). It works by decreasing the making of the viruses DNA(脱氧核糖核酸).[4]
最常見的副作用是噁心、嘔吐。有時會造成腎臟受損或血小板低下等較嚴重的副作用。 由於藥物代謝的關係，肝腎功能較差者使用藥物時的劑量要多加注意。[4] 阿昔洛韋是相對安全的婦女用藥，並未觀察到特殊的副作用。[4][5] 即便在母乳餵養時使用也相對安全。[6] 阿昔洛韋 是一種從鳥苷而來的核酸衍生物，其作用原理為阻止病毒複製去氧核糖核酸。[4]
The discovery of aciclovir was announced in 1977.[7] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines(世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单), the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[8] It is available as a generic medication(通用名药物) and is marketed under many brand names worldwide.[1] The wholesale cost is between 0.03 and 0.12 USD per dose.[9] In the United States it is not very expensive at about 0.50 USD per dose.[4][6]
阿昔洛韋於1977被發現。[7] 阿昔洛韦曾因其极高的选择性和低细胞毒性而被视为是抗病毒治疗的新时代的开始，其发明者美国药理学家格特鲁德·B·埃利恩（Gertrude Belle Elion）也部分因此而获得1988年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。阿昔洛韋被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单，是建立照護系統時相當重要的必備基礎藥物之一。[8] 目前阿昔洛韋已經是通用名药物，在全球有許多不同的商品名。[1] 阿昔洛韋每一劑的批發價約為0.03 到0.12美金。[9]在美國，每劑阿昔洛韋大約0.5美金。[4][6]