英文條目：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratyphoid_fever
Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of the three types(血清型 ⎘) of Salmonella enterica.[1] Symptoms usually begin six to thirty days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever(伤寒 ⎘).[1][2] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever(发热 ⎘) over several days. Weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches(頭痛 ⎘) also commonly occur.[1] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored(玫红色 ⎘) spots.[3]Without treatment symptoms may last weeks or months.[1] Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, are still able to spread the disease to others.[2] Both typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity.[2] Paratyphoid fever is a type of enteric fever along with typhoid fever.[4]
’’’副傷寒’’’（{{lang|en|paratyphoid fever}}）是一種由{{lang|en|腸道沙門氏菌亞種Ⅰ型|Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica|腸道沙門氏菌}}引起的疾病，目前已知有三種[[血清型]]可造成該疾病[1]。症狀與[[傷寒]]相當類似，且通常發生於接觸細菌後的6至30天[1][2]。通常會逐漸地在幾天內發展出高燒，其他像是感到虛弱、沒有食慾以及頭痛也都相當常見[1]。有些人會在皮膚上表現出玫瑰色的紅斑[3]。如果沒有接受治療，症狀將持續數周甚至數月[1]。有部分的人可能會攜帶著細菌卻不會遭受感染，即便如此，還是具備傳染其他人的能力[2]。傷寒和副傷寒的嚴重度相似[2]，兩者所造成的熱病皆屬於腸熱[4]。
Paratyphoid is caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica of the serotype Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood(血液 ⎘). They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces(糞便⎘) of an infected person.[1] They may occur when a person who prepares food is infected.[3] Risk factors include poor sanitation as is found among poor crowded populations.[5] Occasionally they may be transmitted by sex. Humans are the only animal infected.[1] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and confirmed by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacteria’s DNA(脱氧核糖核酸 ⎘) in the blood, stool, or bone marrow(骨髓 ⎘).[1][2] Culturing the bacteria can be difficult.[2] Bone marrow testing is the most accurate.[5] Symptoms are similar to that of many other infectious diseases.[2] Typhus(斑疹傷寒 ⎘) is an unrelated disease.[6]
副傷寒是由生長於[[腸道]]和[[血液]]中的腸道沙門氏菌所引起，目前已知有A、B、C三種血清型。已感染者的[[糞便[[含有沙門氏菌，藉由汙染食物和水來傳播疾病。感染者很有可能在準備食物時，因為清潔不完全而污染食物。在公共衛生環境較差的擁擠城區，也容易傳播副傷寒。少數狀況下經由性接觸而傳染。人類是目前已知唯一會受感染的動物。根據血液、糞便或[[骨髓]]中[[細菌培養]]或是偵測細菌[[脫氧核醣核酸]]的結果，來進行診斷。培養腸道沙門氏菌並不容易。骨髓檢查是最為準確的。副傷寒與許多類似的疾病症狀相似，常見會與[[斑疹傷寒]]做鑑別診斷。
While there is no vaccine(疫苗 ⎘) specifically for paratyphoid, the typhoid vaccine may provide some benefit.[1][3] Prevention includes drinking clean water(饮用水 ⎘), better sanitation, and better handwashing. Treatment of the disease is with antibiotics(抗细菌药 ⎘) such as azithromycin(阿奇霉素 ⎘). Resistance to a number of other previously effective antibiotics is common.[1]
Paratyphoid affects about 6 million people a year.[1][7] It is most common in parts of Asia and rare in the developed world(已開發國家⎘).[1][3] Most cases are due to Paratyphi A rather than Paratyphi B or C.[2] In 2013 paratyphoid fever resulted in about 54,000 deaths down from 63,000 deaths in 1990.[8] The risk of death is between 10% and 15% without treatment while with treatment it may be less than one percent.[2]
目前還未有針對副傷寒的疫苗，有報告指出傷寒疫苗有些許效用。不要使用被汙染的飲用水、改善公共環境衛生、常洗手可以有效避免疾病發生。目前可以使用阿奇霉素作為抗生素進行治療，但目前對於抗生素的耐受性高，相當常見。副傷寒每年約影響六百萬人。在部分的亞洲是相當常見的疾病，但在已開發國家相當少見。大多為A型副傷寒，B型和C型副傷寒較為少見。2013年副傷寒造成將近54000人死亡，僅略低於1990年的63000人。如果沒有及時接受治療，將有百分之十到十五的死亡率；如果接受治療的話，死亡率將在百分之一以下。