氫氯噻嗪/Hydrochlorothiazide
編輯歷史
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| 2017-07-17 16:34 – 16:34 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 氫氯噻嗪/Hydrochlorothiazide
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+ 已整合至中文維基百科：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%AF%E5%99%BB%E5%97%AA
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+ Hydrochlorothiazide (abbreviated HCTZ, HCT, or HZT), is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.[2]Other uses include diabetes insipidus, renal tubular acidosis, and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with high calcium level in the urine.[2] For high blood pressure it is often recommended as a first line treatment.[2][3] HCTZ is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase the effectiveness.[2]
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+ '''氫氯噻嗪'''（Hydrochlorothiazide，簡稱HCTZ、HCT，或HZT）是一種[[利尿劑]]。通常作為治療[[高血壓]]及由於流體堆積造成[[水腫]][2]。其他用途還包含治療[[尿崩症]]和[[腎小管性酸中毒]]，它也可以幫助減少因為[[高鈣尿症|在尿液中含有過多的鈣]]，從而降低[[腎結石]]的風險。此外，此藥物也經常被推薦用來當作治療[[高血壓]]的第一線治療藥物。氫氯噻屬於口服藥物，有時會混合其他[[降血壓藥物]]製成複方藥錠，以加強藥效 [2]。
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+ Potential side effects include poor kidney function, electrolyte imbalances especially low blood potassium and less commonly low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling faint initially upon standing up.[2] While allergies to HCTZ are reported to occur more often in those with allergies to sulfa drugs this association is not well supported.[2] It may be used during pregnancy but is not a first line medication in this group.[2]
+ It is in the thiazide medication class and acts by decreasing the kidneys' ability to retain water.[2] This initially reduces blood volume, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output.[4] Long term, however, it is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance.[4]
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+ 氫氯噻嗪的副作用包含腎功能下降、[[電解質失衡]]（特別是[[低血鉀]]和較少見的[[低血鈉]]）、[[痛風]]、[[高血糖]]、及[[姿位性低血壓|在站起來的瞬間出現頭暈的感覺]]等 [2]。根據報導，對氫氯噻嗪[[過敏]]的人往往擁有對[[磺胺類藥物]]的過敏體質，但目前沒有很多的證據可以證實這個論點 [2]。雖然懷孕婦女仍可使用氫氯噻嗪，不過它並不是首選的第一線藥物[2]。
+ 氫氯噻嗪被歸類在噻嗪類藥物，主要是透過減少腎臟的保水作用發揮效果。它將直接地降低血容量，減少回流至心臟的血液及減少{{le|心臟泵血量|cardiac output}}[4]。而長期使用氫氯噻嗪則會使得{{le|周圍血管阻力|peripheral vascular resistance}}降低[4]。
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+ Two companies, Merck and Ciba, state they discovered the medication which became commercially available in 1959.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[6] In 2008 it was the second most commonly used blood pressure medication in the United States.[4] It is available as a generic drug[2] and is relatively affordable.[7]
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+ [[默克藥廠]]與[[汽巴精化]]同時發現氫氯噻嗪，並在當時共享此藥的專利<ref>{{cite book |author= Gregory Higby|title= Inside Story of Medicines: A Symposium|year= 1997|publisher= Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy|isbn= 0931292328||pages= 126}}</ref>。1959年一月兩家公司分別以不同的[[商品名]]將此藥上市 [5]。氫氯噻嗪被[[世界衛生組織]]列入[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|基本藥物清單]]中，是各醫療體系中最重要且必需的藥物 [6]。根據統計，2008年氫氯噻嗪是[[美國]]第二常用的抗高血壓藥 [4]。氫氯噻嗪的專利已經過期，目前屬於[[學名藥]] [2]且市面上它的價格不高 [7]。
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+ 原中文內容（請盡量整合使用）
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+ 氫氯噻嗪（英語：Hydrochlorothiazide，縮寫為HCTZ、HCT或HZT）是一種利尿劑，常用來治療高血壓和水腫。[2]有時候也用來治療尿崩症、腎小管性酸中毒、降低高鈣尿症患者腎結石的風險。[2]氫氯噻嗪是高血壓的一線治療藥物，並且常與其他藥物連用。[2][3]
+ 氫氯噻嗪是噻嗪類藥物，通過減少腎臟的保水作用發揮作用。[2]這會直接降低血容量，減少血液回流至心臟和減少心臟泵血量。[4]長期使用氫氯噻嗪會導致周圍血管阻力降低。[4]
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+ *^ Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M, Rosén A. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of hydrochlorothiazide. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976, 19 (5 (Pt 1)): 531–7.
+ *^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hydrochlorothiazide. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Jan 2015].
+ *^ Wright, JM; Musini, VM. First-line drugs for hypertension.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 8 July 2009, (3): CD001841.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001841.pub2. PMID 19588327.
+ *^ 4.0 4.1 Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. June 2010, 8 (6): 793–802. doi:10.1586/erc.10.27. PMC 2904515. PMID 20528637.
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