蛀牙Dental caries
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-07-17 16:35 – 16:35 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 蛀牙Dental caries
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_caries
+
+ <!-- Definition -->
+ Dental caries (caries is Latin for "rottenness"[1]), also known as tooth decay, cavities, or caries, is breakdown of teeth due to the activities ofbacteria.[2] The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black.[3]Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating.[4][3] Complications may includeinflammation of the tissue around the tooth,tooth loss, and infection or abscessformation.[1][3]
+
+ 定義
+ 齲齒（原文起緣於拉丁語裡的意思是「腐朽」[1]），又稱作蛀牙。是[[細菌]]在口中活動使得[[牙齒]]被分解的情況[2]。齲齒發生時患部會呈現黃到黑間不等的顏色[3]，症狀包含疼痛及難以進食[4][3]。併發症則可能造成[[牙齒周圍組織的發炎]]、[[牙齒脫落]]、感染，或[[囊腫]]的形成。
+
+ *1.Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary (Ed. 22, illustrated in full color ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. 2013. p. 401. ISBN 9780803639096.
+ *2. Silk, H (March 2014). "Diseases of the mouth.". Primary care 41 (1): 75–90.PMID 24439882.
+ *3.Laudenbach, JM; Simon, Z (November 2014). "Common Dental and Periodontal Diseases: Evaluation and Management.". The Medical clinics of North America 98 (6): 1239–1260. PMID 25443675.
+ *4."Oral health Fact sheet N°318". who.int. April 2012. Retrieved 10 December2014.
+
+ <!-- Cause -->
+ The bacteria break down the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum) by makingacid from food debris on the tooth surface.[5]Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.[5] If mineral breakdown is greater than build up from sources such as saliva, caries results.[5] Risk factors include conditions that result in less saliva such as: diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome and some medications.[5] Medications that decrease saliva production include antihistamines and antidepressants among others.[5]Caries are also associated with poverty, poor cleaning of the mouth, and receding gumsresulting in exposure of the roots of the teeth.[6][2]
+
+ 成因
+ 細菌透過分解牙齒表面的食物產生酸，而這些酸會使牙齒的硬組織（即[[珐瑯質]]、[[牙本質]]和[[牙骨質]]）被分解。食物裡的單糖是能造成齲齒細菌的主要能量來源，因此成分中含有高單糖的飲食，將是導致齲齒的危險因子。
+
+ *5. SECTION ON ORAL, HEALTH; SECTION ON ORAL, HEALTH (December 2014). "Maintaining and improving the oral health of young children.". Pediatrics 134 (6): 1224–9.PMID 25422016.
+ *6. Schwendicke, F; Dörfer, CE; Schlattmann, P; Page, LF; Thomson, WM; Paris, S (January 2015). "Socioeconomic Inequality and Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.".Journal of dental research 94 (1): 10–18. PMID 25394849.
+
+ <!-- Prevention and treatment -->
+ Prevention includes: regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar and small amounts offluoride.[5][4] Brushing the teeth two times per day and flossing between the teeth once a day is recommended by many.[2][7] Fluoride may be from water, salt or toothpaste among other sources.[4] Treating a mother's dental caries may decrease the risk in her children by decreasing the numbers of certain bacteria.[5] Screening can result in earlier detection.[2]Depending on the extent of destruction, various treatments can be used to restore the tooth to proper function or the tooth may be removed.[2] There is no known method togrow back large amounts of tooth.[8] The availability of treatment is often poor in the developing world.[4] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be taken for pain.[2]
+
+ *7. SECTION ON ORAL, HEALTH; SECTION ON ORAL, HEALTH (December 2014). "Maintaining and improving the oral health of young children.". Pediatrics 134 (6): 1224–9.PMID 25422016.
+ *8. Otsu, K; Kumakami-Sakano, M; Fujiwara, N; Kikuchi, K; Keller, L; Lesot, H; Harada, H (2014). "Stem cell sources for tooth regeneration: current status and future prospects.".Frontiers in physiology 5: 36. PMID 24550845.
+
+ <!-- Epidemiology -->
+ Worldwide, approximately 2.43 billion people (36% of the population) have dental caries in their permanent teeth.[9] The World Health Organizations estimates that nearly all adults have dental caries at some point in time.[4] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population.[9] They have become more common in both children and adults in recent years.[10] The disease is most common in the developed world and less common in the developing world due to greater simple sugar consumption.[2]
+ *9. Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.". Lancet 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2.PMID 23245607.
+ *10. Bagramian, RA; Garcia-Godoy, F; Volpe, AR (February 2009). "The global increase in dental caries. A pending public health crisis.". American journal of dentistry 22 (1): 3–8.PMID 19281105.
|
||