美沙酮
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
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| 2017-07-17 16:36 – 16:36 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 美沙酮
+ 英文條目:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Methadone
+ 中文條目:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B2%99%E9%85%AE
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+ 中文原始引言可以參酌使用
+ 美沙酮（英語：Methadone，或翻譯為美沙冬），在1937年由德國人發明，原來的用途是作為止痛藥嗎啡的代替品，因為美沙酮有跟嗎啡一樣的功效，但其高脂溶性使它可以留在人體內長達24小時，更能有效地減輕病人的痛楚。也是一種醫治長期毒品使用者的解毒藥。
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+ Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among other, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with detoxification in people with opioid dependence.[3] Detoxification can either occur relatively rapidly in less than a month or gradually over less than six months. While a single dose has a rapid effect, maximum effect can take five days of use. The effects lasts about six hours after a single dose and a day and a half after longterm use. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle or vein.[3]
+ 美沙酮（英語：Methadone，或翻譯為美沙冬）商用名包括多羅芬（英語：Dolophine），是一種[[類鴉片]]藥物。適用於緩解[[疼痛]]以及[[維持治療]]，或用於幫助[[戒毒]]人士擺脫[[鴉片依賴]][3]。戒毒治療可在不到一個月的時間內迅速完成，亦可在不到六個月的時間內逐漸完成。美沙酮單次劑量使用後作用迅速，但需持續使用五天才可達其最大效果。單次劑量使用後藥效可持續約六小時，長期使用時單次劑量使用效果可持續一天半左右。美沙酮一般可通過口服、[[肌肉注射]]或[[靜脈注射]]使用[3]。
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+ Side effects are similar to that of other opioids. Commonly this includes dizziness, sleepiness, vomiting, and sweating. Serious risks include opioid abuse or a decreased effort to breath. Heart arrhythmia may also occur including prolonged QT.[3] The number of deaths in the United States involving methadone poisoning was 4,418 in 2011 which was 26% of total deaths from opioid poisoning.[4] Risks are greater with higher doses.[5] Methadone is made by chemical synthesisand acts on the opiate receptor.[3]
+ 美沙酮的副作用和其他類鴉片麻醉藥相似，常見的包括有暈眩、嗜睡、嘔吐與盜汗。較嚴重的副作用則像是[[濫用]]及呼吸困難。其他如[[心律不整]]包括[[QT期過長症候群]]等症狀都有可能發生[3]。2011年美國國內統計由於[[麻醉藥使用過量]]而造成的死亡人數當中有26%，大約是4418人死於[[美沙酮中毒]][4]，使用劑量越高則有越高的機率會有副作用產生的風險[5] 。美沙酮是經由[[化學方式合成]]且其機轉是藉著結合[[鴉片類受體]]以達到止痛效用。
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+ Methadone was developed in Germany around 1937 to 1939 by Gustav Ehrhart and Max Bockmühl.[6][7] It was approved for use in the United States in 1947.[3] Methadone is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[8] Globally in 2013 41,400 kilograms were manufactured.[9]It is regulated similarly to other narcotic drugs.[10] In the United States it is not very expensive.[11]
+ 美沙酮大約在1937年至1939年間由[[古斯塔夫·愛哈特]]和[[麥克斯·勃克穆爾]]兩人在德國合成並問世[6][7]，於1947年被美國認可且在國內使用.[3]。美沙酮是名列[[世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單]]內的藥物，同時更為[[基礎醫療系統]]內的重要必須藥品[8]。2013年，全球共生產美沙酮約41400公斤，它的使用規範和一般[[麻醉藥物]]相同[10] 。在美國當地，美沙酮並不是十分昂貴的藥品[11]。
+ *References[編輯原始碼]
+ *^ 移至：a b c Fredheim, OM; Moksnes, K; Borchgrevink, PC; Kaasa, S; Dale, O (August 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain.". Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 52 (7): 879–89. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x.PMID 18331375.
+ *^ 移至：a b c Brown, R; Kraus, C; Fleming, M; Reddy, S (November 2004). "Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain." (PDF). Postgraduate Medical Journal. 80 (949): 654–9. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.022988.PMC 1743125. PMID 15537850.
+ *^ 移至：a b c d e f g "Methadone Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
+ *移至^ "Data table for Figure 1. Age-adjusted drug-poisoning and opioid-analgesic poisoning death rates: United States, 1999–2011" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
+ *移至^ Chou, R; Turner, JA; Devine, EB; Hansen, RN; Sullivan, SD; Blazina, I; Dana, T; Bougatsos, C; Deyo, RA (17 February 2015). "The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.". Annals of internal medicine. 162 (4): 276–86. PMID 25581257.
+ *移至^ Methadone Matters: Evolving Community Methadone Treatment of Opiate Addiction. CRC Press. 2003. p. 13.ISBN 9780203633090.
+ *移至^ "Diphenypropylamine Derivatives". Encyclopedia of Drug Policy. 2011. ISBN 9781506338248.
+ *移至^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
+ *移至^ Narcotic Drugs 2014 (pdf). INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD. 2015. p. 21. ISBN 9789210481571.
+ *移至^ Organization, World Health (2009). Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 78. ISBN 9789241547543.
+ *移至^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 13.ISBN 9781284057560.
+ 2016/09/27整合至中文條目中
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