胃癌/Stomach cancer
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-07-17 16:37 – 16:37 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 胃癌/Stomach cancer
+
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_Stomach_cancer
+
+ 中文條目：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%83%E7%99%8C
+
+ <!-- Definition and Symptoms -->
+ Stomach cancer or gastric cancer, is when cancer develops from the lining of the stomach.[1] Early symptoms may include: heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite. Later symptoms may include: weight loss, yellow skin, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and blood in the stool among others.[2] The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes.[3]
+
+ <!---定義和症狀--->
+ '''胃癌'''是發生在[[胃部]]黏膜的[[癌症]][1]。早期的症狀包括[[胃灼熱]]，上腹疼痛，[[惡心]]及食慾不振。晚期的症狀包括[[體重減輕]]，[[黃疸]]，[[嘔吐]]，難以吞嚥，糞便中有血等症狀[1]。癌細胞會擴散到其他部位，特別是[[肝]]，[[肺]]，[[腹膜]]及[[淋巴結]]等部位[3]。
+
+ *Reference
+ *1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stomach (Gastric) Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/stomach|website=NCI|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref>
+ *2.<ref name=NCI2014TxPt>{{cite web|title=Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=2014-04-17}}</ref>
+ *3. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Ruddon|first1=Raymond W.|title=Cancer biology|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195175431|page=223|edition=4th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223}}</ref>
+
+ <!-- Cause and Diagnosis -->
+ The most common cause is infection by thebacteria Helicobacter pylori, which accounts for more than 60% of cases.[4][5] Certain type of H. pylori have greater risks than others. Other common causes include eating pickled vegetables and smoking. About 10% of cases run in families and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas. This type can be divided into a number of subtypes. Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop within the stomach. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops through a number of stages over a number of years.[5] Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy. This is then followed bymedical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body.[2]Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of disease, screen for stomach cancer.[5]
+
+ <!---病因及診斷--->
+ 最常見的原因是因為感染[[幽門螺旋桿菌]]，將近六成的胃部腫瘤都與感染這種[[細菌]]有關[4][5]。有某些種的幽門螺旋桿菌較為其他種來的危險。其他常見的理由像是食用[[醃漬蔬菜]]與抽菸。大約有10%的病例與家族遺傳有關，大概有1%~3%的的案例是因為源自雙親的基因性疾病，像是[[遺傳性瀰漫性胃癌]]。大多數的胃部腫瘤都是惡性胃癌，大致上又可再分為幾下列幾種：[[淋巴瘤]]與[[間質瘤]]也可能在胃裡形成。大多時候，胃癌會經年累月地持續惡化[5]。大多經由[[胃鏡]][[採檢]]樣本來做診斷，確診後才會再經由[[醫學影像]]，確認是否轉移到其他地方[2]。[[日本]]與[[南韓]]兩國胃癌的比率較高，會進行[[胃癌篩檢]]來發現疾病[5]。
+
+ *Reference
+ *4.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sim|first1=edited by Fiona|last2=McKee|first2=Martin|title=Issues in public health|date=2011|publisher=Open University Press|location=Maidenhead|isbn=9780335244225|page=74|edition=2nd |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA74}}</ref>
+ *5.<ref name=WCR2014>{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9283204298|pages=Chapter 5.4}}</ref>
+
+ <!--Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis -->
+ A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of cancer as does the stopping of smoking. There is tentative evidence that treating H. pylori decreases the future risk.[5][6] If cancer is treated early, many cases can be cured.[5] Treatments may include some combination of: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy.[2] If treated late, palliative care may be advised.[5] Outcomes are often poor with a less than 10% 5-year survival rate globally. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease.[7] In the United States 5-year survival is 28%[8] while in South Korea it is over 65% partly due to screening efforts.[5]
+
+ <!---預防和治療--->
+ [[地中海式飲食]]和戒煙都能降低罹患胃癌的風險。有研究顯示，治療胃幽門桿菌也有可能可以降低未來罹患胃癌的風險[5][6]。如果胃癌能夠早期治療，多數能夠痊癒[5]。治療方式包括：外科手術、[[化學治療]]、[[放射線治療]]以及[[標靶治療]][2]。 若到了疾病的末期，則可以考慮[[緩和療法]][5]。胃癌的治療成效不佳，全球平均的[[五年存活率]]在10%以下。這主要是因為多數患者都在疾病已相當嚴重時才發現罹癌[7]。在美國，五年存活率為28％[8]， 而在南韓五年存活率可達65%，致力於胃癌篩檢可能是存活率較高的原因之一[5]。
+
+ *Reference
+ *6.<ref name=NCI2014Prevent>{{cite web|title=Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/gastric/HealthProfessional|website=NCI|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=2014-02-27}}</ref>
+ *7.<ref name = WJG14>{{cite journal|last=Orditura|first=M|coauthors=Galizia, G; Sforza, V; Gambardella, V; Fabozzi, A; Laterza, MM; Andreozzi, F; Ventriglia, J; Savastano, B; Mabilia, A; Lieto, E; Ciardiello, F; De Vita, F|title=Treatment of gastric cancer.|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|date=February 2014|volume=20|issue=7|pages=1635–49|doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635|pmid=24587643|url=http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/pdf/v20/i7/1635.pdf|format=PDF|pmc=3930964}}</ref>
+ *8.<ref>{{cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Stomach Cancer|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html|website=NCI|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref>
+
+ <!-- Epidemiology -->
+ Globally stomach cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths.[9] In 2012 it occurred in 950,000 people and caused 723,000 deaths.[9] Before the 1930s in much of the world, including the United States and the United Kingdom, it was the most common cause of death from cancer.[10][11][12] Rates of death have been decreasing in many areas of the world since then.[5] This is believed to be due to the eating of less salted and pickled foods as a result of the development of refrigeration as a method of keeping food fresh.[13] Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in East Asia and Eastern Europe and it occurs twice as often in males as in females.[5]
+
+ <!--流行病學--->
+ 全世界中，胃癌是癌症致病原因第五名，並且在癌症致死率排名中為第三名，分別占7%與9%的個案數[9]。在2012年中，有 950,000人發病，且723,000 人死亡[9]。在1930年代以前，胃癌是世界許多地區（包含美國和英國）最常見的癌症死因[10][11][12]，但後來各個地區的胃癌死亡率皆已下降[5]，一般認為和發明冰箱，因此人們使用鹽漬法來保存食物的比例降低有關[13]。胃癌最普遍發生於[[東亞]]以及[[東歐]]地區，並且男性發病的機率是女性的兩倍[5]。
+
+ *9.<ref name=WCR2014Epi>{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9283204298|chapter=Chapter 1.1}}</ref>
+ *10.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hochhauser|first1=Jeffrey Tobias, Daniel|title=Cancer and its management|date=2010|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK|isbn=9781444306378|page=259|edition=6th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9sW0eCoZFt4C&pg=PA259}}</ref>
+ *11.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khleif|first1=Edited by Roland T. Skeel, Samir N.|title=Handbook of cancer chemotherapy|date=2011|publisher=Wolter Kluwer|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781608317820|page=127|edition=8th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=6Nz_87OLrtcC&pg=PA127}}</ref>
+ *12.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joseph A Knight|title=Human Longevity: The Major Determining Factors|date=2010|publisher=Author House|isbn=9781452067223|page=339|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HBY_GxOY_6oC&pg=PA339}}</ref>
+
+
+ <!--目前中文條目內容-->
+ '''胃癌'''是指發生於胃粘膜的[[恶性肿瘤]]，为[[消化道]]常见的癌症，一般多见于中年以后的男性。
+ 2015/11/20 已整合到中文維基條目"胃癌 " 的引言頁面
+ 回到入口頁
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