漸凍人症ALS
編輯歷史
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| 2017-07-17 16:41 – 16:41 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 漸凍人症ALS
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_ALS
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+ 中文條目（引言已很完整）：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E6%80%A7%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E4%BE%A7%E7%B4%A2%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%97%87
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+ Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and Charcot disease, is a specific disorder that involves the death of neurons.[1] In the United Kingdom the term motor neurone disease (MND) is commonly used,[2] while others use that termfor a group of five conditions of which ALS is the most common.[3] ALS is characterized bystiff muscles, muscle twitching, and gradually worsening weakness due to muscle wasting. This results in difficulty speaking, swallowing, and eventually breathing.[4]
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+ The cause is not known in 90% to 95% of cases.[4] About 5-10% of cases are inheritedfrom a person's parents.[5] About half of these genetic cases are due to one of two specificgenes. It results in the death of the neurons that control voluntary muscles. The diagnosis is based on a person's signs and symptoms with testing done to rule out other potential causes.[4]
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+ There is no cure for ALS.[4] A medication called riluzole may extend life expectancy by about two to three months.[6] Non-invasive ventilation may result in both improved quality and length of life.[7] The disease usually starts around the age of 60 and in inherited cases around the age of 50.[5] The average survival from onset to death is three to four years.[8]About 10% survive longer than 10 years.[4] Most die from respiratory failure. In much of the world, rates of ALS are unknown.[5] In Europe and the United States, the disease affects about 2 people per 100,000 per year.[5][9]
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+ Descriptions of the disease date back to at least 1824 by Charles Bell.[10] In 1869, the connection between the symptoms and the underlying neurological problems were first described by Jean-Martin Charcot, who in 1874 began using the term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[10] It became well known in the United States when it affected the famous baseball player Lou Gehrig,[1] and in the 20th century when Stephen Hawking gained fame for his scientific achievements.[11] In 2014 videos of the ice bucket challenge went viral on the internet and increased public awareness.[12]
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+ *References
+ *1. Kelly, Evelyn B. (2013). Encyclopedia of human genetics and disease. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9780313387135.
+ *2. "Motor neurone disease". http://www.nhs.uk/. Retrieved 2 January 2015. External link in|website= (help)
+ *3. Ellison, edited by Seth Love, David N. Louis, David W. (2008). Greenfield's neuropathology(8th ed. ed.). London: Hodder Arnold. p. 947. ISBN 9780340906811.
+ *4. "Motor Neuron Diseases Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". www.ninds.nih.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2010. Cite error: Invalid<ref> tag; name "NINDS2014" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
+ *5.Kiernan, MC; Vucic, S; Cheah, BC; Turner, MR; Eisen, A; Hardiman, O; Burrell, JR; Zoing, MC (12 March 2011). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.". Lancet 377 (9769): 942–55.doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61156-7. PMID 21296405.
+ *6.Miller, RG; Mitchell, JD; Moore, DH (14 March 2012). "Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND).". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews3: CD001447. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001447.pub3. PMID 22419278.
+ *7. McDermott, CJ; Shaw, PJ (22 March 2008). "Diagnosis and management of motor neurone disease.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 336 (7645): 658–62.doi:10.1136/bmj.39493.511759.be. PMID 18356234.
+ *8. Malamut, edited by Joseph I. Sirven, Barbara L. (2008). Clinical neurology of the older adult (2nd ed. ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 421. ISBN 9780781769471.
+ *9."Epidemiology of Sporadic ALS". http://aces.stanford.edu/. Retrieved 2 January 2015.External link in |website= (help)
+ *10. Rowland LP (March 2001). "How amyotrophic lateral sclerosis got its name: the clinical-pathologic genius of Jean-Martin Charcot". Arch. Neurol. 58 (3): 512–5.doi:10.1001/archneur.58.3.512. PMID 11255459.
+ *11. Youngson, David B. Jacoby, Robert M. (2004). Encyclopedia of family health (3rd ed. ed.). Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. p. 1256. ISBN 9780761474869.
+ *12. Song, P (August 2014). "The Ice Bucket Challenge: The public sector should get ready to promptly promote the sustained development of a system of medical care for and research into rare diseases.". Intractable & rare diseases research 3 (3): 94–6.doi:10.5582/irdr.2014.01015. PMID 25364651.
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