醫週譯: Alzheimer's disease/阿茲海默氏症
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-07-17 16:44 – 16:44 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ 醫週譯: Alzheimer's disease/阿茲海默氏症
+ Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force_AD/RTT/Simple
+ <!-- Definition and symptoms -->
+ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as Alzheimer disease, is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.[1][2]It is a chronic disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time.[2] The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events.[1] As the disease advances, symptoms can include: trouble with language, easily getting lost, mood swings, loss of motivation, trouble taking care of themselves, and issues with behavior.[2][1] As a person's condition declines they often withdraw from family and society.[1]Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.[3] Although the speed of progression can vary, the average life expectancy following diagnosis is three to nine years.[4]
+
+ <!-- 定義與症狀 -->
+ '''阿茲海默氏症'''（{{lang-la|Morbus Alzheimer}}，{{lang-de|Alzheimer-Krankheit}}，[[縮寫]]：{{lang|de|AK}}，{{lang-en|Alzheimer's disease}}，[[縮寫]]：{{lang|en|AD}}）或稱'''腦退化症''。舊稱為{{lang-en|Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type}}，[[縮寫]]：{{lang|en|SDAT}} 、阿爾茨海默病、老人失智症；俗稱老年痴呆症（但醫界不建議使用此名稱[註 1]）。阿茲海默氏症佔了[[失智症]]中六到七成的成因[1][2]，是一種發病進程緩慢、隨著時間不斷惡化的持續性[[神經]]功能障礙[2]。最常見的早期症狀，是難以記住最近發生的事情[1]。隨著疾病的發展，症狀可能會包含：[[譫妄]]、易怒、具攻擊性、無法正常言語、容易迷路、{{link-en|mood swing|情緒不穩定}}、喪失[[動機|生存動力]]、喪失[[長期記憶]]、難以自理和行為異常等[2][1][原5][原9]。當患者的狀況變差時，往往會因此脫離家庭和社會關係[1][原5][原9]，並逐漸喪失身體機能，最終導致死亡[3][原10]。雖然疾病的進程因人而異，很難預測患者的[[預後]]，但一般而言，確定診斷後的平均餘命是三到九年[4]，確診之後存活超過十四年的病患少於3%[原12]。
+
+ 網站中文暫放(需被整合；被整合完即上刪除線；有可能需要移到其他段落)：
+ 阿茲海默症（拉丁語：Morbus Alzheimer，德語：Alzheimer-Krankheit，縮寫：AK，英語：Alzheimer's disease，縮寫：AD）或稱腦退化症（舊譯為阿爾茨海默病、老人失智症，俗稱老年痴呆症，醫界不建議使用此名稱[原註 1]；英語：Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type，簡稱SDAT），是一種持續性神經功能障礙，也是失智症中最普遍的成因。
+ ，疾病初期最常見的症狀是難以記住最近發生的事[原6]
+ *剩下未整合的這句，跟此部分譯文，看起來都怪怪的..
+ *暫時把「舊稱」通通拉到另一段去了...
+ *目前我看起來挺好的
+ *耶嘿 <3
+ 隨著疾病進展，症狀將會包括譫妄、易怒、具攻擊性、情緒起伏不定、喪失長期記憶等，當病患功能下降時，會從家庭和社會的社交關係中退出[原5][原9]，隨著身體功能逐漸喪失，最終導致病患死亡[原10]。因為疾病在每個病患均不相同，因此很難預測患者的預後。阿茲海默症的發展時間無法預測，時間長短也非常多變，並且可能經年未被發現直到疾病顯而易見，平均而言，阿茲海默症確診之後的存活期約有七年[原11]，確診之後存活超過十四年的病患少於3%[原12]。
+
+ *[[Reference
+ *1. Burns, A; Iliffe, S (5 February 2009). "Alzheimer's disease.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 338: b158. PMID 19196745.
+ *<ref name=BMJ2009>{{cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=A|last2=Iliffe|first2=S|title=Alzheimer's disease.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=5 February 2009|volume=338|pages=b158|pmid=19196745}}</ref>
+ *2. "Dementia Fact sheet N°362". who.int. April 2012. Retrieved28 November 2014.
+ *<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Dementia Fact sheet N°362|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=28 November 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref>
+ *3. About Alzheimer's Disease: Symptoms". National Institute on Aging. Retrieved28 December 2011.
+ *<ref name="nihstages">{{cite web|title=About Alzheimer's Disease: Symptoms|url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/symptoms|publisher=National Institute on Aging|accessdate=28 December 2011}}</ref>
+ *4. Querfurth, HW; LaFerla, FM (28 January 2010). "Alzheimer's disease.". The New England journal of medicine 362 (4): 329–44. PMID 20107219.
+ *<ref name=NEJM2010>{{cite journal|last1=Querfurth|first1=HW|last2=LaFerla|first2=FM|title=Alzheimer's disease.|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=28 January 2010|volume=362|issue=4|pages=329-44|pmid=20107219}}</ref>
+ *It is a chronic disease that usually starts slowly ：感覺是疾病進展緩慢的意思？
+ *注1
+ *{{備註|1=在香港，「老年癡呆症」已經改名為「認知障礙症」。鑑於「老年癡呆症」的歧視成分及標籤效應，有礙及早求診，由十個醫學及服務團體（包括香港認知障礙症協會在內）組成的專家聯盟於2012年進行了公眾諮詢。結果顯示市民與專業團體均普遍認同「認知障礙症」更能中立、準確地反映疾病的症狀（記憶與其他認知功能問題）、不局限於成因（退化與非退化性）、較易明白且不含歧視意味。}}
+ *原5
+ *<ref name="pmid17222085">{{cite journal |language=en |author=Waldemar G |title=Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline |journal=Eur J eurol |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=e1–e26 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17222085 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x |author-separator=, |author2=Dubois B |author3=Emre M |display-authors=3 |last4=Georges |first4=J. |last5=McKeith |first5=I. G. |last6=Rossor |first6=M. |last7=Scheltens |first7=P. |last8=Tariska |first8=P. |last9=Winblad |first9=B.|accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>
+ *原9
+ *<ref name="pmid17823840">{{cite journal |language=en |author=Tabert MH, Liu X, Doty RL, Serby M, Zamora D, Pelton GH, arder K, Albers MW, Stern Y, Devanand DP |title=A 10-item smell identification cale related to risk for Alzheimer's disease |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=155–160 |year=2005 |pmid=15984022 |doi=10.1002/ana.20533 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>
+ *原10
+ *<ref name="nihstages">{{cite web |title=About AlzheimeDeveloping a greater intelligence, exercise, and avoiding obesity may decrease the risk of AD.r's Disease: Symptoms |url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/symptoms |publisher=National Institute on Aging |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>
+ *原12
+ *<ref name="pmid7793228">{{cite journal |language=en |author=Mölsä PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK |title=Long-term survival and predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia |journal=ActaNeurol Scand |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=159–64 |year=1995 |month=March |doi= |pmid=7793228 |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>
+
+ <!-- Cause, diagnosis and prevention -->
+ The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood.[1] About 70% of the risk is believed to be genetic with many genes usually involved.[5] Other risk factors include: a history of head injuries, depression or hypertension.[1] The disease process is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain.[5] A probable diagnosis is based on the history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes.[6] Initial symptoms are often mistaken for normal aging.[1] It is not unusual for it to take three to six years before the diagnosis is made.[7] Examination of brain tissue is needed for a definite diagnosis.[5] Developing a greater intelligence, exercise, and avoiding obesity may decrease the risk of AD.[5] There are no medications or supplements with evidence to support their use.[8] It is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder.[1]
+
+ <!-- 成因、診斷與預防 -->
+ 阿茲海默氏症的真正成因至今仍然不明[1]。目前將阿茲海默氏症視為一種[[神經退行性疾病|神經退化的疾病]][1]，並認為有將近七成的危險因子與[[遺傳]]相關[5]；其他的相關危險因子有：[[頭部外傷]]、[[憂鬱症]]或[[高血壓]]的病史[1]。疾病的進程與[[大腦]]中{{link-en|Senile plaques|纖維狀類澱粉蛋白質斑塊沉積}}和[[濤蛋白]]（{{Lang-en|Tau protein}}[18]）相關[5]。要確切地診斷阿茲海默氏症，需要根據病人病史、行為評估、{{link-en|Cognitive tests|認知測驗}}的結果、腦部[[醫學影像|影像]]檢查和血液採檢，亦可能接著做[[神經成像|神經影像檢查]]輔助診斷[原7][原8]，以排除其他類似的認知障礙[6]。初期症狀常被誤認為是正常的老化狀況[1]，或是[[壓力]]的一種表現[原5][原6]，因而常耗時三到六年才確診[7]。在無法排除其他可治癒原因時，有極少情況下，腦部切片可能對確診有幫助[5]。進行{{link-en|高層次的思考活動|Cognitive_reserve}}、[[運動]]、避免[[肥胖症|肥胖]]等，都有助於減少罹患阿茲海默氏症的風險[5][原16][原17]。目前並沒有特定藥物或營養補充品，有實證證明對疾病治療有效[8]。
+
+
+ 網站中文暫放(需被整合；被整合完即上刪除線；有可能需要移到其他段落)：
+ 雖然阿茲海默症在每個病患都不相同，仍有許多共同的症狀[原4]。早期症狀常被誤認為是「年紀大了」的憂慮，或是壓力的一種表現[原5][原6]。當懷疑為阿茲海默症時，通常藉由行為評估以及認知測試來確認診斷，可能的話接著會做神經影像檢查輔助診斷[原7][原8]。
+ *按照英文條目，腦部「醫學影像」跟「神經成像|神經影像檢查」不同，所以先整合進譯文中，若相同再做修改。
+ *兩個名稱的確不等義(例如醫學影像也包括胸部X光...等其他東西，不只有神經影像)，但在此兩者意思指的應該是一樣的，就是指腦部影像檢查
+
+ *Reference
+ *5. Ballard, C; Gauthier, S; Corbett, A; Brayne, C; Aarsland, D; Jones, E (19 March 2011). "Alzheimer's disease.". Lancet 377 (9770): 1019–31.PMID 21371747.
+ *<ref name=Lancet2011>{{cite journal|last1=Ballard|first1=C|last2=Gauthier|first2=S|last3=Corbett|first3=A|last4=Brayne|first4=C|last5=Aarsland|first5=D|last6=Jones|first6=E|title=Alzheimer's disease.|journal=Lancet|date=19 March 2011|volume=377|issue=9770|pages=1019-31|pmid=21371747}}</ref>
+ *6. "Dementia diagnosis and assessment". pathways.nice.org.uk. Retrieved30 November 2014.
+ *<ref>{{cite web|title=Dementia diagnosis and assessment|url=http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/dementia/dementia-diagnosis-and-assessment.pdf|website=pathways.nice.org.uk|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref>
+ *7. Todd, S; Barr, S; Roberts, M; Passmore, AP (November 2013). "Survival in dementia and predictors of mortality: a review.". International journal of geriatric psychiatry 28 (11): 1109–24. PMID 23526458.
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Todd|first1=S|last2=Barr|first2=S|last3=Roberts|first3=M|last4=Passmore|first4=AP|title=Survival in dementia and predictors of mortality: a review.|journal=International journal of geriatric psychiatry|date=November 2013|volume=28|issue=11|pages=1109-24|pmid=23526458}}</ref>
+ *8. "More research needed on ways to prevent Alzheimer's, panel finds" (PDF). National Institute on Aging. 29 August 2006. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
+ *<ref name="prevention1">{{cite web|title=More research needed on ways to prevent Alzheimer's, panel finds|url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/announcements/2010/06/more-research-needed-ways-prevent-alzheimers-panel-finds|format=PDF|publisher=National Institute on Aging|accessdate=29 February 2008|date=29 August 2006}}</ref>
+ *[18]<ref>{{cite journal | title = 阿茲海默症的成因及治療 | url = http://www.taiwan-pharma.org.tw/JTP/120/068-073.html | author=楊雨哲, 孫承洲 | volume = 30 | Number = 3 | issn=22206493 | date = 2014-09-30 | accessdate = 2015-01-23}}</ref>
+ *原6
+ *<ref name="早期症狀">{{cite journal | language=de |author =Klein C, Hagenah J, Landwehrmeyer B, Münte T, Klockgether T| title = Das präsymptomatische Stadium neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen | journal = Nervenarzt| volume = 82 | issue = 8 | pages = 994-1001| year = 2011| month=August | doi=10.1007/s00115-011-3258-y}}</ref>
+ *原7
+ *<ref name="神经成像">{{cite journal | language=de |author = Mänz C, Reimold M, Bender B, Bares R, Ernemann U, Horger M| title = Bildgebende Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Krankheit | journal = Fortschr Röntgenstr| volume = 184 | issue = 12 | pages = 1079-1082| year = 2012| month=December | doi=10.1055/s-0032-1319030}}</ref>
+ *原8
+ *<ref name="alzres">{{cite web |title=Alzheimer's diagnosis of AD |url=http://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/diagnosis/ |publisher=Alzheimer's esearch Trust |accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref>
+ *
+
+ <!-- Management -->
+ No treatments stop or reverse its progression, though some may temporarily improve symptoms.[2] Affected people increasingly relies on others for assistance. It may place a great burden on caregivers; the pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements.[9] Exercise programs are beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes.[10] Treatment of behavioral problems or psychosis due to dementia with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to there often being little benefit and an increased risks of death.[11][12]
+
+ <!-- 處置 -->
+ 目前並沒有可以阻停止或逆轉病程的治療，只有少數可能可以暫時(緩解)改善症狀的方法[2]。截至2012年為止，已有超過1000個[[臨床試驗]]研究如何治療阿茲海默症，然而這些研究是否能找到有效的治療方法仍是未知數[原15]。((有人提出[[腦力鍛鍊]]、運動和均衡飲食等方法，可能可以幫助健康老人減緩認知症狀（並非減緩大腦的病理學變化）[原16]，然而這些方法仍缺乏有力的證據支持其效果[原16]。)) 疾病會使患者會越來越需要{{link-en|Caring for people with dementia|他人的照護}}，這對照護者是一大負擔；這樣的照護壓力涵括了社會層面、精神層面、生理層面和經濟因素[9]。不同的運動計畫，無論時間長度與每週運動頻率，都能改善病人的[[日常生活活動|居家生活]]表現功能，也對於改善預後有相當助益[10]。由失智症狀引起(造成)的行為異常和[[思覺失調]]，常以[[抗精神病藥]]治療，惟其效益不高且可能增加死亡率，因此並不特別建議使用[11][12]。
+ *雙刮號段 「有人提出...缺乏有力的證據支持其效果」 整合後怕太長，模糊焦點...建議不整合?
+ *參考過[10]之後， 以底線文字取代原段文字。
+ *贊成，而且這段跟上面的「進行{{link-en|高層次的思考活動|Cognitive_reserve}}、[[運動]]、避免[[肥胖症|肥胖]]等，都有助於減少罹患阿茲海默氏症的風險[」蠻類似的。
+
+ *Reference
+ *9. Thompson CA, Spilsbury K, Hall J, Birks Y, Barnes C, Adamson J. Systematic Review of Information and Support Interventions for Caregivers of People with Dementia. BMC Geriatrics. 2007;7:18. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-7-18. PMID 17662119.
+ *<ref name="pmid17662119">{{vcite journal | author = Thompson CA, Spilsbury K, Hall J, Birks Y, Barnes C, Adamson J | title = Systematic Review of Information and Support Interventions for Caregivers of People with Dementia | journal = BMC Geriatrics | volume = 7 | page = 18 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17662119 | pmc = 1951962 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2318-7-18 }}</ref>
+ *10. Forbes, D.; Thiessen, E.J.; Blake, C.M.; Forbes, S.C.; Forbes, S. (4 December 2013). "Exercise programs for people with dementia.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 12: CD006489. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006489.pub3.PMID 24302466.
+ *<ref name=Forb2013>{{cite journal|last1=Forbes|first1=D.|last2=Thiessen|first2=E.J.|last3=Blake|first3=C.M.|last4=Forbes|first4=S.C.|last5=Forbes|first5=S.|title=Exercise programs for people with dementia.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=4 December 2013|volume=12|pages=CD006489|pmid=24302466|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006489.pub3}}</ref>
+ *11. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. "Low-dose antipsychotics in people with dementia". nice.org.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
+ *<ref>{{cite web|author1=National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence|title=Low-dose antipsychotics in people with dementia|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/ktt7/resources/non-guidance-lowdose-antipsychotics-in-people-with-dementia-pdf|website=nice.org.uk|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref>
+ *12. "Information for Healthcare Professionals: Conventional Antipsychotics". fda.gov. 2008-06-16. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
+ *<ref>{{cite web|title=Information for Healthcare Professionals: Conventional Antipsychotics|url=http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm124830.htm|website=fda.gov|accessdate=29 November 2014|date=2008-06-16}}</ref>
+ *原15. ^ Clinical Trials. Found 1012 studies with search of: alzheimer. US National Institutes of Health. [2012-11-29].
+ *<ref name="CT">{{cite web |url=http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=alzheimer |title=Clinical Trials. Found 1012 studies with search of: alzheimer |accessdate=2012-11-29 |publisher=US National Institutes of Health}}</ref>
+ *原16
+ *<ref name="改變生活方式">{{cite journal | language=de |author =Zieschang T, Hauer K, Schwenk M| title = Körperliches Training bei Menschen mit Demenz | journal = Dtsch med Wochenschr| volume = 137 | issue = 31/32 | pages = 1552-1555| year = 2012| month=August | doi=10.1055/s-0032-1305114}}</ref>
+
+ 網站中文暫放(需被整合；被整合完即上刪除線；有可能需要移到其他段落)：
+ 目前仍不清楚阿茲海默症的成因及疾病進程，研究顯示阿茲海默症與大腦中的老年斑塊和神經纖維糾結有關[原13][原14]。
+ *與 <!-- 成因、診斷與預防 --> 章節內容重覆
+ 目前的治療僅能幫助緩解疾病的症狀，並沒有能夠停止或是反轉阿茲海默症病程的治療方法。截至2012年為止，已有超過1000個臨床試驗研究如何治療阿茲海默症，然而這些研究是否能找到有效的治療方法仍是未知數[原15]。有人提出腦力鍛鍊、運動和均衡飲食等方法可能可以幫助健康老人減緩認知症狀（並非減緩大腦的病理學變化）[原16]，然而這些方法仍缺乏有力的證據支持其效果[原16][原17]。
+ *已全數整合至上方 但部分內容 建議不整合
+
+ <!-- Epidemiology, history, society and research-->
+ In 2010, there were between 21 and 35 million people worldwide with AD.[4][2] It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4% to 5% of cases are early-onset Alzheimer's which begin before this.[13] It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older.[1] In 2010 dementia resulted in about 486,000 deaths.[14] It was first described by German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 after who it was later named.[15] In developed countries, AD is one of the most financially costly diseases to society.[16][17]
+
+ <!-- 流行病學、歷史、社會與研究 -->
+ 阿茲海默氏症最早於1906年，由德國精神病學家和病理學家[[愛羅斯·阿茲海默]]首次發現，因此而得名[15]；主要分為家族性阿茲海默氏症與阿茲海默老年痴呆症兩種，其中又以後者較常見[原24]。阿茲海默氏症好發於65歲以上的老年人(約有6%發生率[1])，但有4%~5%的患者會在65歲之前就發病，屬於{{link-en|早發性阿茲海默氏症|early-onset Alzheimer's disease}}[13]。在2010年，全球有將近2100萬到3500萬名阿茲海默氏症患者[4][2]；而歸因於阿茲海默氏症相關的死亡案例，大約有48.6萬例[14]。在已開發國家中，阿茲海默氏症是相當耗費社會財政補助的疾病之一[16][17]。
+
+ * Reference
+ *13. Mendez, MF (November 2012). "Early-onset Alzheimer's disease: nonamnestic subtypes and type 2 AD.". Archives of medical research 43 (8): 677–85.PMID 23178565.
+ *<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mendez|first1=MF|title=Early-onset Alzheimer's disease: nonamnestic subtypes and type 2 AD.|journal=Archives of medical research|date=November 2012|volume=43|issue=8|pages=677-85|pmid=23178565}}</ref>
+ *14. Lozano, R; Naghavi, M; Foreman, Ktitle=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. (15 December 2012). Lancet 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604.
+ *<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last1=Lozano|first1=R|last2=Naghavi|first2=M|last3=Foreman|first3=Ktitle=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=15 December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095-128|pmid=23245604}}</ref>
+ *15. Berchtold NC, Cotman CW. Evolution in the Conceptualization of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: Greco-Roman Period to the 1960s. Neurobiology of Aging. 1998;19(3):173–89. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9. PMID 9661992.
+ *<ref name="pmid9661992">{{vcite journal | author = Berchtold NC, Cotman CW | title = Evolution in the Conceptualization of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: Greco-Roman Period to the 1960s | journal = Neurobiology of Aging | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 173–89 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9661992 | doi = 10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9 }}</ref>
+ *16. Bonin-Guillaume S, Zekry D, Giacobini E, Gold G, Michel JP. Impact économique de la démence (English: The Economical Impact of Dementia). Presse Médicale. 2005;34(1):35–41. French. PMID 15685097.
+ *<ref name="pmid15685097">{{vcite journal | author = Bonin-Guillaume S, Zekry D, Giacobini E, Gold G, Michel JP | title = Impact économique de la démence (English: The Economical Impact of Dementia) | language = French | journal = Presse Médicale | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–41 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15685097 | issn = 0755-4982 | month = January }}</ref>
+ *17. Meek PD, McKeithan K, Schumock GT. Economic Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacotherapy. 1998;18(2 Pt 2):68–73; discussion 79–82. PMID 9543467.
+ *<ref name="pmid9543467">{{vcite journal | author = Meek PD, McKeithan K, Schumock GT | title = Economic Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 18 | issue = 2 Pt 2 | pages = 68–73; discussion 79–82 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9543467 }}</ref>
+ *原24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 阿茲海默症的簡介. 活力藥師網. 2007-05-31 [2012-12-06].
+ *<ref name="活力藥師網">{{cite web|title=阿茲海默症的簡介 |date=2007-05-31 |publisher=活力藥師網 |url=http://www.liverx.net/2007/05/31/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98%E7%97%87%E7%9A%84%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B |accessdate=2012-12-06}}</ref>
+
+ 網站中文暫放(需被整合；被整合完即上刪除線；有可能需要移到其他段落)：
+ 本病最早由德國精神科醫師及神經病理學家愛羅斯·阿茲海默在1906年描述記錄，之後並以他的名字命名[原1]。阿茲海默症好發於65歲以上的老人[原2]，然而也有少見的早發性阿茲海默症病患會提早發病。在2006年，全世界約有兩千六百萬名阿茲海默症病患，到2050年時預估全球每85人就有一人罹患本病[原3]。
+ *與上方內容重覆
+ 由於阿茲海默症是無法治癒的退化性疾病，病患終需依賴其他人協助及照顧，主要的照護者通常是病患的伴侶或是親近的家屬[原18]。然而照護阿茲海默症病患會對照護者產生非常大的負擔，對照護者的人生各方面都造成壓力，包括其社交、精神、體能和經濟都會受到影響[原19][原20][原21]。
+ *與<!-- 處置--> 章節內容重覆
+ 在已開發國家中，阿茲海默症是社會中花費最高的疾病之一[原22][原23]。
+ 阿茲海默症主要分為家族性阿茲海默症與阿茲海默老年痴呆症兩種，其中又以後者較常見[原24]。
+ *與上方內容重覆
+ *
+ 2015-02-02 已整合中文維基百科「阿茲海默症」的引言頁面
+ 回到入口頁
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