進食障礙/eating disorder
原本中文條目內容：
進食障礙，又稱攝食障礙，醫學上指妨礙患者生理、心理健康的異常進食習慣或對體重的病態控制傾向。一般有精神方面的誘因。患者中女性多於男性。進食障礙可以定義為是一種不正常的飲食習慣，包括暴飲暴食或者厭食。過多的攝取食物或者過少的攝入食物都不利於一個人身體和心理的健康。
{{Infobox disease
| Name = Eating disorders
| Image =
| Caption =
| Field = [[Psychiatry]]
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|50||f|50}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|307.5}}
| MeshID = D001068
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms-->
Eating disorders are mental illnesses defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affecting a person's physical or mental health. They include binge eating disorder where people eat a large amount in a short period of time, anorexia nervosa where people eat very little and thus have a low body weight, bulimia nervosa where people eat a lot and then try to rid themselves of the food, pica where people eat non food items, rumination disorder where people regurgitate food, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder where people have a lack of interest in food, and a group of other specified feeding or eating disorders. Anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse are common among people with eating disorders. These disorders do not include obesity.[1]
'''進食障礙'''是一種[[精神病]]，它指的是會影響當事人的生理與心理的異常進食習慣。進食障礙包括短時間大量進食的「[[狂食症]]」、吃得太少導致體重偏輕的「[[厭食症]]」、大量進食後再想辦法吐出來的暴食症、會去吃非食物物品的「[[異食癖]]」、會將食物吐出再食入的[[反芻綜合症|反芻症候群]]、沒有意願進食的{{le|迴避/節制型攝食症|avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder}}
、以及[[其他特異性餵食或飲食障礙症]]。進食障礙一般會伴隨著[[焦虑症]]、[[情绪抑郁]]及[[物質濫用]]。進食障礙中沒有包括[[肥胖症]][1]。
<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause of eating disorders is not clear.[2] Both genetic and enviromental factors appear to play a role.[3][2] Cultural idealization of thinness is beleived to contribute.[2] Eating disorders for example affect about 12% of dancers.[4] Those who have experised sexually abuse are also more likely to develop eating disorders.[5] Some disorders such as pica and rumination disorder occur more often in people with intellectual disabilities. Only one eating disorder can be diagnosed at a given time.[1]
進食障礙的成因並不明朗[2]，遺傳與環境因子都可能有影響[3][2]。患者所處文化對纖瘦體態的追求也可能會催生進食障礙[2]，舉例而言，有約12%的舞者患有此症[4]。[[性虐待]]的受害者也比較容易患有進食障礙[5]。[[異食癖]]與[[反芻綜合症|反芻疾候群]]則較常在[[智能障礙]]患者上看到。在同一時間，一個人只會被診斷出一種進食障礙[1]。
<!-- Treatment and prognosis -->
Treatment can be effective for many eating disorders. This typically involves counselling, a proper diet, and the reducation of efforts to eliminate food. Hospitalization is occationally needed. Medications may be used to help with some of the associated symptoms.[3] At five years about 70% of people with anorexia and 50% of people with bulimia recover. Recovery from binge eating disorder is less clear and estimated at 20% to 60%. Both anorexia and bulimia increase the risk of death.[6]
治療對許多進食障礙都可能有效，方式包含[[心理治療|諮商]]、適切的飲食，和對催吐行為的控制，偶爾也需要住院治療。藥物可以用來控制一些進食障礙的伴隨症狀[3]。在發病五年後，大約70%的厭食症患者會康復，而狂食症患者也有50%會在五年後復原。暴食症患者的復原情形較不確定，估計復原比例約在20%到60%之間。患有厭食症或狂食症都會增加死亡風險[6]。
<!-- Epidemiology -->
In the developed world binge eating disorder affects about 1.6% of women and 0.8% of men in a given year. Anorexia affects about 0.4% and bulimia affects about 1.3% of young women in a given year.[1] During the entire life up to 4% of women have anorexia, 2% have bulimia, and 2% have binge eating disorder.[6] Anorexia and bulimia occur nearly ten times more often in females as males.[1] Typically they begin in late childhood or early adulthood.[3] Rates of other eating disorders are not clear.[1] Rates of eating disorders appear to be lower in less developed countries.[7]
在[[已開發國家]]，每年有1.6%的女性及0.8%的男性患上暴食症。有0.4%的年輕女性會得到厭食症，另外1.3%則得到狂食症[1]。在女性的一生中，得到厭食症的機會是4%，狂食症與暴食症都是2%[6]。厭食症與狂食症在女性身上較為常見，發病率約為男性的十倍[1]，發病的時間點大多是在童年晚期或是剛成年時[3]。其他的進食障礙的發生率較不明朗[1]。相對於已開發國家，[[開發中國家]]的進食障礙盛行率似乎較低[7]。