醫週譯範例: Dementia/失智症
Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_dementia
失智症（英語：Dementia、德語：Demenz），其英文Dementia一字來自拉丁語（de-意指「遠離」 + mens意指「心智」）；是一種因腦部傷害或疾病所導致的漸進性認知功能退化，且此退化的幅度遠高於正常老化的進展。
特別會影響到記憶、注意力、語言、解題能力。嚴重時會無法分辨人事時地物。失智症可分為可逆或不可逆，視疾病成因而異。只有不到10%的失智症是可逆的。失智症是個不特定的概括名詞。也稱癡呆症。
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Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember such that a person's daily functioning is affected.[1] Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.[1][2] A person's consciousness is not affected.[1] For the diagnosis to be present it must be a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.[1][3]These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.[1]
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The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease which makes up 50% to 70% of cases. Other common types include vascular dementia (25%), Lewy body dementia (15%), and frontotemporal dementia.[1][2] Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson disease, syphilis, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease among others.[4] More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person.[1] A small proportion of cases run in families.[5] In the DSM-5, dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder, with various degrees of severity.[6] Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes.[7]The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test.[2] Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and obesity.[1]Screening the general population for the disease is not recommended.[8]
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There is no cure for dementia.[1] Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disease.[9][10][11] Overall benefit, however, may be minor.[11][12] For people with dementia and those who care for them many measures can improve their lives.[1] Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate.[1]Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important.[1] Exercise programs are beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes.[13] Treatment of behavioral problems or psychosis due to dementia with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to there often being little benefit and an increased risks of death.[14][15]
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Globally dementia affects 36 million people.[1] About 10% of people develop the disease at some point in their lives.[5] It becomes more common with age.[16]About 3% of people between the ages of 65–74 have dementia, 19% between 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age.[17] In 2010 dementia resulted in about 486,000 deaths.[18] As more people are living longer, dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole.[16] For people of a specific age; however, it may be becoming less frequent, at least in the developed world, due to a decrease in risk factors.[16] It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old.[2] It is believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD a year.[1] People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary, raising issues of human rights.[1]Social stigma against those affected is common.[2]
2015-01-21 尚未整合中文維基百科「失智症」的引言頁面